Goal attainability and performance: Evidence from Boston marathon qualifying standards

In this paper we test if performance improves once goals become more attainable. Goal-setting literature suggests that workers respond to challenging but achievable goals with increased performance. Empirical evidence supports the notion of goals increasing performance; however the evidence on how attainability of goals affects performance is mixed. This paper tests whether efforts increase, improving performance as the goals become more attainable. We are employing a unique set of publicly available marathon data from 1970 to 2015 to directly analyze the effect of goal attainability on performance. With the probable goal of qualifying for the Boston Marathon, we test if runners increase their effort, and consequently improve their performance if they enter a new age group and as a result have a more attainable goal. We find that runners who enter a new age group perform better than the runners whose qualifying time did not change. This effect is seen with runners in younger age groups, but not found in the results of runners in more advanced years.     

基于SAO语义分析的潜在技术合作伙伴识别

将SAO语义结构信息引入技术伙伴识别选择过程中，构建基于SAO语义分析的技术合作伙伴识别体系，通过对企业进行技术愿景分析、企业知识库分析确定技术合作网络，对网络内企业重点子技术领域进行相似度分析，从而识别企业潜在的技术合作伙伴，并制定针对性的合作方案。以染敏太阳能电池为案例开展实证研究，验证了该方法体系的可行性。     

中国商品流通现代化的模糊综合评价研究

完善了商品流通现代化指标体系,并运用模糊综合法将商品流通现代化指标转换成了指数。研究发现商品流通现代化水平与其区域位置、总体经济实力密切相关,且受到产业结构的影响。同时,通过基于指数的聚类分析得到如下结论:"率先发展型区域"要抓住历史机遇,培养创新型人才,保持领先地位;"积极追赶型区域"要发挥地理优势,打破省之间、行业和部门之间、所有制之间的界限,积极参与各种区域经济合作;"流通欠发达型区域"要进一步推进和实施西部大开发战略,推进物流现代化。     

Classical estimation of hazard rate and mean residual life functions of Pareto distribution

Abstract

In this paper we find the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of hazard rate and mean residual life functions (MRLF) of Pareto distribution, their asymptotic non degenerate distribution, exact distribution and moments. We also discuss the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate (UMVUE) of hazard rate function and MRLF. Finally, two numerical examples with simulated data and real data set, are presented to illustrate the proposed estimates.     

Asymptotic expaxsioxs for the joint distribution of cirrelated hotellings t2 statlstics under normality

Let T² _i=z′_iS^?1z_i, i==,…k be correlated Hotelling's T² statistics under normality. where z=(z′_i,…,z′_k)′ and nS are independently distributed as N_kp((O,ρ?∑) and Wishart distribution W_p(∑, n), respectively. The purpose of this paper is to study the distribution function F(x₁,…,x_k) of (T² _i,…,T² _k) when n is large. First we derive an asymptotic expansion of the characteristic function of (T² _i,…,T² _k) up to the order n^?2. Next we give asymptotic expansions for (T² _i,…,T² _k) in two cases (i)ρ=I_k and (ii) k=2 by inverting the expanded characteristic function up to the orders n^?2 and n^?1, respectively. Our results can be applied to the distribution function of max (T² _i,…,T² _k) as a special case.     

哈萨克族的语言和文字

本文全面论述了哈萨克族语言的历史发展及其特点,也谈到了哈萨克方言的划分及方言与部落、民俗的关系。文章最后介绍了历史上哈萨克族使用的文字及近年来在这方面考古学上的新发现。     

云南回族的他称--"潘塞"、"潘西"和"帕西"辨析

历史上云南回族马帮商人在云南境内外各条商道上不绝于途,不少人还定居缅甸和泰国.缅族称云南回族为"潘塞"(旧译"潘泰"),掸族称之为"潘西".在国内,西双版纳傣族称回族为"帕西".海外学者对缅语"潘塞"一词的语源争议不休,众说纷纭.本文论述提出(一)"潘塞"、"潘西"和"帕西"原为印度、缅甸一带民间对穆斯林的泛称,尔后用以称呼云南回族,三者系同一名词,仅读音有微小差异;(二)三者均由中世纪以来印度民间称呼波斯人的"帕尔西"(Patsi)一词演变而来.     

神奇母题的历史根源

关于民间口头流传的神奇幻想故事同原始文化、传统宗教信仰之间的关联 ,素为中外学人所关注。本文作为“中国民间故事类型与传承研究”这个重大课题的一个侧面 ,对此做出了较有新意的阐释     

"天书降神"新议--北宋与契丹的文化竞争

宋真宗"天书降神"一事,不但为当时"不语怪力乱神"的儒者反对,亦为今世秉后见之明,崇尚"理性"、"科学"的学人严厉批判.但元儒修撰<宋史>,于此曾表"同情之理解".本文即以此为起点,以考据为基础,试图揭示"天书降神"背后的文化意蕴和实际效果,并提出与亨廷顿"文明冲突"(the clash of civilizations)不同的观念--"文化竞争"(the cultural struggle).     

论西域文化与民族关系的发展

文章从汉文化在西域的传播条件、西域的屯垦移民促使汉文化的广泛传播、西域教育使汉文化逐步植根于少数民族文化等方面论述了文化维系力的重要性。