Self-managing organizations: Exploring the limits of less-hierarchical organizing

Fascination with organizations that eschew the conventional managerial hierarchy and instead radically decentralize authority has been longstanding, albeit at the margins of scholarly and practitioner attention. Recently, however, organizational experiments in radical decentralization have gained mainstream consideration, giving rise to a need for new theory and new research. This paper reviews the literature on less-hierarchical organizing and identifies three categories of research: post-bureaucratic organizations, humanistic management and organizational democracy. Despite this extensive prior work, scholarly understanding of radical decentralization remains limited. Using the term self-managing organizations to capture efforts that radically decentralize authority in a formal and systematic way throughout the organization, we set forth a research agenda to better understand less-hierarchical organizing at its limits.     

财政分权、转移支付与地方税收入————基于1985-2006年省级面板数据分析

 本文在对我国财政分权问题文献回顾的基础上提出转移支付、地方税收入和财政分权之间的相关性及影响程度这一研究主题,并基于1985-2006年间省级面板数据,对我国的转移支付、地方税收入和财政分权之间的关系进行实证检验,面板回归模型的估计结果表明除部分省份外,我国的转移支付和地方税收入与财政分权之间呈现正相关关系,且从影响程度上来看,地方税收入对财政分权的影响程度大于转移支付对财政分权的影响。     

我国重大行政决策权划分边界研究

对“中央缺位,地方先行”的重大行政决策权问题研究,必须厘清重大行政决策的事项范围和权限划分.地方政府重大行政决策权边界问题不仅仅是地方政府对中央政府分权多少或分权事项范围的问题,而且是关涉到我国重大行政决策权的法律属性和决策权行使的法律基础和法律属性问题.本文从重大行政决策的行政法语涵及其学理规范入手,以省市地方出台规章文本和实证经验为要件,将“行政三分权”理论展开在对重大行政决策的事项范围与权限划分边界问题上研究,归结重大行政决策的行政法之独特的法律特征和其权力必当受限的宪政本质,抑或边界即为限制.     

中国式分权、市场化进程与经济增长

本文从理论上阐释了中国式分权影响地区经济增长的内在逻辑,以及市场化进程作为门槛变量影响中国式分权之经济增长效应的理论依据,并基于中国省际层面的门槛面板模型实证检验了市场化进程的门槛效应。实证结果表明：中国式分权和地区市场化进程均正向影响地区经济增长;当市场化进程高于某一门槛值后,中国式分权对经济增长的促进作用会降低。其他各种稳健性检验均表明本文结论具有较强的稳健性。在当前中国经济进入新常态的现实背景下,本文研究结论具有重要的政策含义和现实意义。     

腾飞的翅膀：机场属地化改革与企业库存

良好的基础设施不仅包括投资增加或者技术进步，日常的维护和运营效率也至关重要。交通基础设施的分权化管理模式可以缩短监管者和经营者之间的监管距离，提高信息利用效率，从而提升基础设施运营效率，更好地发挥基础设施对于区域经济的推动作用。本文利用2003-2004年机场属地化改革这一自然实验，从基础设施运营效率的角度研究了分权治理对区域经济绩效的影响。本文发现，当机场由民航总局移交地方政府管理后，运营规模显著增加。基于企业库存反映企业经营绩效的视角，使用双重差分法，本文发现拥有机场的城市的企业在改革后库存水平显著下降8.5%。三重差分分析表明，更加依赖空运的企业在改革后库存下降更多。进一步研究发现，改革后基础设施建设投资并没有显著变化，但是与分权化有效利用本地信息、提升机场运行效率从而降低企业库存的假说一致的是，在沟通成本和库存异质程度更高的城市，机场属地化改革对企业库存的降低作用更大。安慰剂检验和各种稳健性检验排除了其他事件的影响，支持了本文的主要结论。研究结果表明，分权化治理可以改善交通基础设施运营效率，从而使其更好地适应区域本身情况，推动区域社会经济发展。     

Exploring the Role of Localities in Health Commissioning: A Review of the Literature

The emerging pattern of NHS purchasing has prompted many health authorites in Britain to experiment with a variety of different approaches to locality-based commissioning. But published accounts of these experiments are few and little attempt has been made to analyse the resulting experiences in policy terms. This paper reviews the specific literature on locality commissioning in health services and some of the reasons for its emergence. It is also argued that since initiatives of this kind typically seek to address a wide agenda, involving a wide range of stakeholders, there is also a case for examining the wider policy background, including the literature on community development, decentralization and joint collaboration. An account is thus presented of the policy context within which locality commissioning experiments are taking place, and hence the principal issues which are likely to prove contentious or otherwise problematic.     

On the supply of China's healthcare resources in a decentralized healthcare system

The structure of China's current governance bears prominent features of fiscal decentralization. The supply of healthcare resources in China has clearly witnessed slower growth in the last two decades during which the fiscal decentralization process has taken place. Using China's provincial panel data, we examine the determinants of healthcare resource supply while paying particular attention to the role of fiscal decentralization. We find that the supply of healthcare resources is inversely related to the degree of decentralization, which, using spatial econometrics, is attributed to the presence of strategic substitutes in healthcare spending across city governments. These findings have important implications for policy makers in making fiscal arrangements among different government tiers.     

Brand deletion implementation: The effect on performance of context and process factors

Although brand deletion (BD) is a key strategic decision within brand portfolio management, it has received very little attention in the scientific literature. This research expands the knowledge base on the BD strategy, particularly in the execution phase. Based on the literature addressing strategic change and marketing strategy implementation, this study explores the main and interaction effects of context (decentralization and consensus) and process (formalization and communication) implementation factors on the success of BD, measured in terms of its contribution to the firm’s economic performance. Using a representative sample of 155 cases of BD, we show that the four factors are related to BD performance, although these relations are complex and intertwined. Consensus, communication, and decentralization positively affect BD performance, with consensus being particularly influential. Formalization is found to be a double-edged sword as the effects of formalizing the execution of the deletion are particularly convoluted.     

人口流动性影响地方政府规模的区域差异研究

以“利维坦假说”为理论起点,对“以足投票”机制在中国的适用性进行了理论探讨,并利用相关数据进行实证检验。研究发现,中国人口流动对不同地区地方政府规模的影响存在区域差异效应。人口流动对不同地区地方官员晋升环境以及财政支出压力影响的差异是形成区域差异效应的重要原因所在。据此,应在加强政府审计、改革政绩考核体系等方面采取措施,对地方政府不合理扩张规模行为加以遏制。     

波兰地方政府融资发展过程及对我国的借鉴意义

波兰作为新兴市场化国家和经济转型国家,没有单纯依靠地方发展基金的方式解决地方基础设施的融资问题,而是采用了自有资金、政府优惠贷款、商业银行贷款和发行市政债券融资相结合的方式。波兰地方政府的这种融资方式,在保证地方政府财政良性运行的同时满足了基础设施的融资需求。波兰的成功经验,为解决我国地方政府的融资和保持财政平衡问题提供了借鉴,波兰市政债券的发展也为我国发展市政债券提供了经验。