A NOTE ON HOLDING COSTS AND LOT-SIZE ERRORS

This note examines the sensitivity of the basic economic-order-quantity inventory model to lot-size errors when holding costs are assumed to be a strictly increasing (though not necessarily linear) function of average inventory. In particular, we show that the penalty associated with ordering either too much or too little is a function not only of the size of the error but of the shape of the holding-cost curve as well. We demonstrate that, under certain conditions, even relatively small lot-size errors can be extremely costly.     

Concepts,Theory, and Techniques PRINCIPLES OF MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION*

This paper attempts to isolate and analyze the principal ideas of multiobjective optimization. We do this without casting aspersions on single-objective optimization or championing any one multiobjective technique. We examine each fundamental idea for strengths and weaknesses and subject two—efficiency and utility—to extended consideration. Some general recommendations are made in light of this analysis. Besides the simple advice to retain single-objective optimization as a possible approach, we suggest that three broad classes of multiobjective techniques are very promising in terms of reliably, and believably, achieving a most preferred solution. These are: (1) partial generation of the efficient set, a rubric we use to unify a wide spectrum of both interactive and analytic methods; (2) explicit utility maximization, a much-overlooked approach combining multiattribute decision theory and mathematical programming; and (3) interactive implicit utility maximization, the popular class of methods introduced by Geoffrion, Dyer, and Feinberg [24] and extended significantly by others.     

Testing Treatment-Covariate Interaction in a Nonparametric Analysis of Covariance Model

We consider a recently introduced nonparametric model for Analysis of Covariance and derive an asymptotic test for interaction between covariate and treatment. Furthermore, we suggest data depth techniques to obtain joint confidence regions for the covariate effects in this model.

The finite sample behavior of the asymptotic method is evaluated in simulations. Application of the procedures is illustrated using an epileptic seizures and chemotherapy data set.     

A robust ranking method extending ELECTRE III to hierarchy of interacting criteria,imprecise weights and stochastic analysis

A great majority of methods designed for Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) assume that all assessment criteria are considered at the same level, however, decision problems encountered in practice often impose a hierarchical structure of criteria. The hierarchy helps to decompose complex decision problems into smaller and manageable subtasks, and thus, it is very attractive for computational efficiency and explanatory purposes. To handle the hierarchy of criteria in MCDA, a methodology called Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process (MCHP), has been recently proposed. MCHP permits to consider preference relations with respect to a subset of criteria at any level of the hierarchy. Here, we propose to apply MCHP to the ELECTRE III ranking method adapted to handle three types of interaction effects between criteria: mutual-weakening, mutual-strengthening and antagonistic effect. We also involve in MCHP an imprecise elicitation of criteria weights, generalizing a technique called the SRF method. In order to explore the plurality of rankings obtained by the ELECTRE III method for possible sets of criteria weights, we apply the Stochastic Multiobjective Acceptability Analysis (SMAA) that permits to draw robust conclusions in terms of rankings and preference relations at each level of the hierarchy of criteria. The novelty of the whole methodology consists of a joint consideration of hierarchical assessments of alternatives performances on interacting criteria, imprecise criteria weights, and robust analysis of ranking recommendations resulting from ELECTRE III. An example regarding the multiple criteria ranking of some European universities will show how to apply the proposed methodology on a decision problem.     

浅析高职院校信息化建设问题及对策

十二五期间，国家要求大力加强信息化建设，作为后起之秀，高职院校借此发展东风，迅速兴起信息化建设热潮。但在信息化建设中认识不到位、重复建设、效率低下、资源浪费严重等问题层出不穷。本文结合高职院校信息化实际，从四个方面分析了目前高职院校信息化建设中存在的问题，并提出切实改进意见，以期促进高职院校信息化建设高效、扎实稳步推进。     

新疆民族传统体育发展趋势研究分析

目前有资料记载挖掘整理出新疆民族传统体育项目278个。民族传统体育在资料收集、整理、挖掘中，应将新疆民族传统体育项目和信息技术相结合，把有代表性项目编辑成网络游戏和游戏软件，做好新疆民族传统体育项目普及工作，加快文字收集和挖掘工作，使新疆民族传统体育进入良性可持续发展。     

Research Subject Advocate: A New Protector of Research Participants

In 2001, the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) directed the 78 General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) to develop a Research Subject Advocate (RSA) position. The RSA would report directly to the Principal Investigator (PI) of each GCRC and assure compliance of studies conducted on the GCRC with federal regulations and policies. Seven RSAs agreed to be interviewed about their new role. Website documents, electronic correspondence, and presentations at the first annual national meeting of RSAs were scrutinized using discursive analysis to shed light on this new organizational form and its potential for increased protection of human research participants. The RSA role actualizes the ethical principles of respect for persons, justice, and beneficence that are the foundation of the protection of research participants. The results also reveal the regulatory, institutional, collegial, and personal resources and barriers that assist the RSA in the successful implementation of the RSA role. In addition, issues important to the RSAs are described.     

A simulation study of the nearest neighbour analysis method of papadakis

The relative performances of randomised block, balanced lattice squares and Papadakis nearest neighbour analyses were compared on two simulated fields whose soil heterogeneity profiles were generated, one with a few evenly spaced contours and the other with many unevenly spaced contours. Four levels of random error were generated to simulate different proportions of random error and soil heterogeneity. Dummy treatments, corresponding to 7 x 7 and 11 x 11 balanced lattice squares were applied to the fields. The results from simulated experiments showed an interaction of error mean square (EMS) between size of experiment (7 x 7, 11 x 11) and levels of soil heterogeneity in the lattice analyses, but no such interaction in the Papadakis analyses. The Papadakis EMS decreased as random error decreased but at a rate depending on the map andthe ratio of soil heterogeneity to random error.     

对CBA职业联赛赛区、俱乐部受处罚的情况分析与应对措施简

近几个赛季篮协对CBA职业联赛各赛区、俱乐部开出的罚单就一直没有减少,赛场秩序的混乱已经严重干扰了联赛的正常进行。现对2011-2012赛季CBA职业联赛赛区、俱乐部受处罚的原因、类型进行分析研究,提出一些解决问题的方法和措施,减少比赛中教练员、裁判员之间的矛盾,降低现场观众暴力行为的发生率,但愿能对CBA职业联赛的发展起到推波助澜的作用。     

Interval estimation in discriminant analysis for large dimension

This paper is concerned with the interval estimation for the log odds of the posterior probability that the observation vector belongs to one of two homoscedastic multivariate normal distributions (Π₁ and Π₂). We give the limiting distribution of the unbiased estimator for the log odds as the sample sizes and the dimension jointly tend to infinity, and approximate the confidence interval based on the asymptotic distribution. Small-scale simulations are performed to check the precision of the approximation.