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131.
麻省理工学院学者近期发表在国际顶尖期刊《美国科学院院报》上的一项语言学交叉研究利用已经公开发布的依存树库,对37种语言进行了统计分析,指出人类语言存在依存距离最小化这一倾向。此研究被媒体热议,但却存在一些缺陷。依存距离是两个句法相关词之间的线性距离,受工作记忆机制的约束,与句法处理的复杂度密切相关。因此,人类语言具有依存距离最小化的倾向。基于句法标注语料库的依存距离最小化研究表明,大数据研究方法在语言认知研究中具有重要作用。现代语言学具有鲜明的交叉学科色彩,语言研究中不同学科的相互借鉴与融合有助于深入揭示语言系统的运作规律以及语言与认知之间的关系。 相似文献
132.
There is a rapidly growing industry of online learning and distance education programs at the Master of Social Work and Bachelor of Social Work levels both within Australia and globally. A number of best practices have emerged from the literature that warrant consideration when delivering social work programs in online learning and distance education modes. Given the significant advancements in technology that are likely to continue into the next decades, social work academic leaders and accrediting bodies must be prepared to address the changing landscape of higher education, including limited financial resources. Social work academics need to become aware and implement best practices in online learning and distance education e-teaching environments to ensure positive student outcomes, student retention, and student engagement to meet the flexibility needs of students in higher education settings. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the challenges and benefits of distance education and online learning for consideration when providing a social work program in these delivery models.
IMPLICATIONS
Given the significant advancements in technology that are likely to continue into the next decades, social work academic leaders and accrediting bodies must be prepared to address the changing landscape of higher education.
Social work academics need to become aware and implement best practices in the distance education and online teaching environment to ensure positive student outcomes, student retention, and student engagement to meet the flexibility needs of students in higher education settings.
133.
134.
Ayman A. Amin 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2019,48(5):1277-1291
In this paper we use the Kullback-Leibler divergence to measure the distance between the posteriors of the autoregressive (AR) model coefficients, aiming to evaluate mathematically the sensitivity of the coefficients posterior to different types of priors, i.e. Jeffreys’, g, and natural conjugate priors. In addition, we evaluate the impact of the posteriors distance in Bayesian estimates of mean and variance of the model coefficients by generating a large number of Monte Carlo simulations from the posteriors. Simulation study results show that the coefficients posterior is sensitive to prior distributions, and the posteriors distance has more influence on Bayesian estimates of variance than those of mean of the model coefficients. Same results are obtained from the application to real-world time series datasets. 相似文献
135.
In most domains of network analysis researchers consider networks that arise in nature with weighted edges. Such networks are routinely dichotomized in the interest of using available methods for statistical inference with networks. The generalized exponential random graph model (GERGM) is a recently proposed method used to simulate and model the edges of a weighted graph. The GERGM specifies a joint distribution for an exponential family of graphs with continuous-valued edge weights. However, current estimation algorithms for the GERGM only allow inference on a restricted family of model specifications. To address this issue, we develop a Metropolis–Hastings method that can be used to estimate any GERGM specification, thereby significantly extending the family of weighted graphs that can be modeled with the GERGM. We show that new flexible model specifications are capable of avoiding likelihood degeneracy and efficiently capturing network structure in applications where such models were not previously available. We demonstrate the utility of this new class of GERGMs through application to two real network data sets, and we further assess the effectiveness of our proposed methodology by simulating non-degenerate model specifications from the well-studied two-stars model. A working R version of the GERGM code is available in the supplement and is incorporated in the GERGM CRAN package. 相似文献
136.
ABSTRACTDebate has arisen in social work about the value of online education, with proponents providing examples of innovative approaches to online teaching and those against it citing the need for face-to-face interactions to suitably teach and assess social work skills. At the same time, social workers are increasingly making use of social media, websites, online databases, email, and text messaging services for work with clients. Consequently, social workers must be adequately prepared to make use of online technologies in their practice. Drawing on examples of online interactive activities used at two regional universities and informed by Chi’s conceptual framework of cognitive processes of learning, this article argues that learning via information and communications technology (ICT) helps prepare graduates for emerging digital practice and should be an integral part of social work education. Further, ICT enables educators to monitor the levels and quality of student rehearsal of practice skills and knowledge in interactive learning experiences helping promote competent practice, grounded in social work values. 相似文献
137.
In this study, we investigate information seeking interactions in secondary schools from a multilevel network approach. Based on network-related theories, we examine the facilitating role of formal subunits. We apply exponential random graph models for multilevel networks and summarize our findings by using a meta-analysis technique. Our results indicate that formal subunits (e.g. subject departments) can, to some extent, facilitate interactions, in loosely coupled organizations (e.g. secondary schools). Finally, this study shows that a multilevel network approach can provide a more informative representation of information seeking ties in knowledge-intensive organizations. 相似文献
138.
Umberto Triacca 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2017,46(16):8230-8235
A characterization for the nullity of the cosine angle between two subspaces of a Hilbert space is established. Given a time series x, we use this characterization in order to investigate the relationship between the notions of predictor space and distance between the information contained in the past and in the future of x. In particular, we prove that the predictor space of x coincides with the zero vector space {0} if and only if this distance achieves its maximum value. 相似文献
139.
《Stat》2017,6(1):282-291
Cyclic models are a subclass of graphical Markov models with simple, undirected probability graphs that are chordless cycles. In general, all currently known distributions require iterative procedures to obtain maximum likelihood estimates in such cyclic models. For exponential families, the relevant conditional independence constraint for a variable pair is given all remaining variables, and it is captured by vanishing canonical parameters involving this pair. For Gaussian models, the canonical parameter is a concentration, that is, an off‐diagonal element in the inverse covariance matrix, while for Ising models, it is a conditional log‐linear, two‐factor interaction. We give conditions under which the two different likelihood functions, that is, one for continuous and one for binary variables, permit nevertheless explicit maximum likelihood estimates, and we show that their estimated correlation matrices are identical, provided the relevant starting correlation matrices coincide. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.
《Stat》2017,6(1):102-112
We provide full algebraic and numerical details required for fitting accurate logistic likelihood regression‐type models via variational message passing with factor graph fragments. Existing methodology of this type involves the Jaakkola–Jordan device, which is prone to poor accuracy. We examine two alternatives: the Saul–Jordan tilted bound device and conjugacy enforcement via multivariate normal prespecification of a key message. Both of these approaches appear in related literature. Our contributions facilitate immediate implementation within variational message passing schemes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献