Can gender differences in distributional preferences explain gender gaps in competition?

We design a lab experiment to specifically examine whether a preference for favorable inequality and behindness aversion, as well as egalitarian preferences, affect competitive choices differently among males and females. Using data on approximately 2,000 subjects, we find that selection into competitive environments is negatively related to egalitarian preferences, with smaller negative impacts of being egalitarian on females’ choice to compete. Further, behindness aversion and preference for favorable inequality affect willingness to compete in opposite ways. The willingness to compete is negatively affected by behindness aversion, while a preference for favorable inequality positively influences willingness to compete. Interestingly, when we disaggregate behavior along gender lines, we find that compared to behindness averse males, behindness averse females are more likely to enter the competitive environment. In contrast, there is no significant gender difference in the impact of preference for favorable inequality on competition. Our results suggest that the observed gender difference in competitiveness can stem from male-female differences in distributional preferences and selected personality traits developed during one’s lifetime.     

Classification of form under heterogeneity and non-isotropic errors

A number of areas related to learning under supervision have not been fully investigated, particularly the possibility of incorporating the method of classification into shape analysis. In this regard, practical ideas conducive to the improvement of form classification are the focus of interest. Our proposal is to employ a hybrid classifier built on Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) and Procrustes distance, rather than generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA). In empirical terms, it has been demonstrated that there is notable difference between the estimated form and the true form when EDMA is used as the basis for computation. However, this does not seem to be the case when GPA is employed. With the assumption that no association exists between landmarks, EDMA and GPA are used to calculate the mean form and diagonal weighting matrix to build superimposing classifiers. As our findings indicate, with the use of EDMA estimators, the superimposing classifiers we propose work extremely well, as opposed to the use of GPA, as far as both simulated and real datasets are concerned.     

社会传播下的全球文化变迁

e社会传播具有传播信息的自由性、开放性、复杂性;传播主体的隐匿性、平等性、多层性;传播对象的大众性、年轻性、知识性;传播符号的集合性、视觉性、能指性;传播媒介的快捷性、虚拟性、多媒性;传播过程的时效性、个性化、互动性。在e社会传播中,这些基本特征构成了影响全球文化变迁的要素。全球文化变迁的表现形态和发展趋势,都和e社会传播的诸多要素及其特征紧密相连。e社会传播下全球文化变迁的表现形态有：全球文化的“拟像”式呈现、全球文化的多元化表达、全球文化的价值观碰撞、全球文化的领导权争夺。     

环状压电超声电机的多频率驱动分析与实验

针对压电超声电机的多频率驱动问题进行研究,设计并制作了利用定子内圆周面驱动的环状压电超声电机,明确了利用行波驱动电机转子的机理。通过有限元计算给出了电机定子所用弯曲模态的振型与位移云图。以计算结果为基础,分析了电机所用的压电陶瓷片的极化分区与定子弯曲模态激发之间的关系,得出了所用的压电陶瓷片能够实现电机多频率转动的结论。完成了所研制的超声电机的多频率驱动实验。实验结果表明,电机能够实现在多频率点的转动。依据本文分析思路,可以对其他结构形式的超声电机的多频率驱动问题进行研究。     

“国六条”政策背景下的客户置业市场调查报告

根据2006年国务院颁布的关于宏观调控房地产市场的六条规定和八项措施,通过对北京、上海、广州和深圳四个城市的置业群体、置业对象、置业目的、置业条件等因素进行调查,分析客户对90m~2套型的接受程度和市场期望,为开发商解决项目定位问题提供较详实的市场资料,对解决90m~2小套型住宅如何设计才能更好地满足中低收入阶层的居住需求问题,有较强的现实意义和社会意义!     

当形状的有序化颠覆个体的审美特质时--试论"克隆人"的反美术学倾向

在人类文明的发展过程中 ,科学技术扮演着极其重要的角色 ,给人类带来了进步 ,同时也带来了危害和危险 ,把克隆技术用于克隆人 ,将改变人类现有的生育方式 ,毁坏现有的社会结构 ,打破人与人之间 ,人与环境、人与物之间的和谐 ,应当受到全人类的反对。文章着重从美术学分析形状的重复它不具美的价值     

Self‐modelling regression for longitudinal data with time‐invariant covariates

The authors propose the use of self‐modelling regression to analyze longitudinal data with time invariant covariates. They model the population time curve with a penalized regression spline and use a linear mixed model for transformation of the time and response scales to fit the individual curves. Fitting is done by an iterative algorithm using off‐the‐shelf linear and nonlinear mixed model software. Their method is demonstrated in a simulation study and in the analysis of tree swallow nestling growth from an experiment that includes an experimentally controlled treatment, an observational covariate and multi‐level sampling.     

泛论中国画的“理”（二）

论述了中国古代画论中理的内涵、美学背景及其在中国画形→神→意的发展过程中的独特作用。主要论及理作为事物的内在本质、客观规律这一层面。一方面由于先秦理性和儒家绘画为现实服务的观点 ,画家一直在为写实而究物之理 ;另一方面 ,中国早期艺术中就有重表现的特质。魏晋时期玄佛兴起 ,理沟通了形与神。随着禅宗在唐宋时期兴起 ,穷物之理又开始使形依理而幻化为抒情服务。明清两代 ,随着重笔墨和主观精神的表现 ,理成为形与意的桥梁 ,为沟通中国画中的物我之意作出独特贡献。文章还点明了理的现实意义     

色彩写生中的构成

色彩写生中画面与色彩构成意识的确立、运用,使学生作画由对物象的表象特征的描摹状态,进入到主动把握对象、重组并构成艺术形象的状态.本文从色彩概括及平面化意识、设计色彩等几个方面来探讨色彩写生画面构成的多样性这一问题.