基于核心能力的企业过程再造

阐述了企业过程再造(BPR)和核心能力的内涵及本质,分析了核心过程与核心能力二者之间的关系,指出企业过程再造不能脱离核心能力这一本质,BPR本质上应该是基于核心能力的再造。给出了基于核心能力实施BPR的6个具体步骤:即识别核心能力,识别核心过程,定义经营业绩,找出问题,确定方案和实施方案。     

论美术新课程教学过程的特征

新的《全日制义务教育美术课程标准(实验稿)》,要求美术教育以发展学生的艺术素养、人文素养及促进学生的发展为主要目标。新标准要求下的美术教育与传统美术教育相比,教学过程具有学生中心性、综合性、过程性、实践性、开放性、创造性、师生互动性、美育性、兴趣性和个性性等新的特征。     

非典与中国的电子商务

探讨了非典对于中国电子商务的影响以及电子商务在此期间发挥出的作用、存在的不足，进而提出了关于如何促进中国电子商务进一步发展的思考和建议．     

论搜寻品假冒伪劣的成因及其市场影响

搜寻品假冒伪劣是指消费者主动选择购买假冒伪劣产品。其形成原因是这类假冒伪劣产品相对于“正品”的巨大价格优势。它虽然对假冒伪劣产品的生产者、销售者和消费者有利 ,但不利于新产品的研发和生产 ,会妨碍产品质量的提高乃至造成市场上产品整体质量的降低 ,从而也损害消费者的长远利益。     

对第二语言习得中“年龄小优势论”的辩证分析

多数人认为:在第二语言习得过程中,年龄小的人比年龄大的人学得好;儿童比成年人学得好。通过对大量的有关年龄因素如何影响"第二语言习得"(SLA)的资料的辩证分析,肯定了在自然条件下,就语音和语法方面而言,年龄越小,学得越好,但年龄大的人在读写方面的优势以及成年人比儿童能够更快地习得第二语言语法的事实证明了:在"第二语言习得"中,年龄小的人并非总是比年龄大的人学得好,从而论证了"年龄小优势论"具有一定的片面性。     

我国医疗社会保险的体系及存在问题

随着中国加入WTO ,社会保障事业开始与世界接轨。其中的一个重要问题就是社会医疗保险制度的改革及确立。在建立和完善社会医疗保险制度的过程中 ,遇到很多问题 ,还有很多内容需要从理论和实践两方面进行探索。     

Parent‐Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports by Latino College Students

Latina female (n= 97) and Latino male (n= 69) college students (M age = 21.4 years) completed self‐report surveys regarding family of origin experiences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for communicating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non‐Mexican origin and negatively associated with having older brothers living at home. In contrast, maternal education was positively associated with mother‐son communication about sex. Paternal education and the absence of older brothers positively predicted communication with both sons and daughters. The analyses provide novel information regarding sexual communication in Latino families and suggest directions for future research.     

Choice of the primary analysis in longitudinal clinical trials

Missing data, and the bias they can cause, are an almost ever‐present concern in clinical trials. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach has been frequently utilized to handle missing data in clinical trials, and is often specified in conjunction with analysis of variance (LOCF ANOVA) for the primary analysis. Considerable advances in statistical methodology, and in our ability to implement these methods, have been made in recent years. Likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches implemented under the missing at random (MAR) framework are now easy to implement, and are commonly used to analyse clinical trial data. Furthermore, such approaches are more robust to the biases from missing data, and provide better control of Type I and Type II errors than LOCF ANOVA. Empirical research and analytic proof have demonstrated that the behaviour of LOCF is uncertain, and in many situations it has not been conservative. Using LOCF as a composite measure of safety, tolerability and efficacy can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a drug. This approach also violates the fundamental basis of statistics as it involves testing an outcome that is not a physical parameter of the population, but rather a quantity that can be influenced by investigator behaviour, trial design, etc. Practice should shift away from using LOCF ANOVA as the primary analysis and focus on likelihood‐based, mixed‐effects model approaches developed under the MAR framework, with missing not at random methods used to assess robustness of the primary analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bias Correction in the Dynamic Panel Data Model with a Nonscalar Disturbance Covariance Matrix

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary and generalized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamic panel data models. Results from Kiviet [Kiviet, J. F. (1995), on bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models, J. Econometrics68:53-78; Kiviet, J. F. (1999), Expectations of expansions for estimators in a dynamic panel data model: some results for weakly exogenous regressors, In: Hsiao, C., Lahiri, K., Lee, L-F., Pesaran, M. H., eds., Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199-225] are extended to higher-order dynamic panel data models with general covariance structure. The focus is on estimation of both short- and long-run coefficients. The results show that proper modelling of the disturbance covariance structure is indispensable. The bias approximations are used to construct bias corrected estimators which are then applied to quarterly data from 14 European Union countries. Money demand functions for M1, M2 and M3 are estimated for the EU area as a whole for the period 1991: I-1995: IV. Significant spillovers between countries are found reflecting the dependence of domestic money demand on foreign developments. The empirical results show that in general plausible long-run effects are obtained by the bias corrected estimators. Moreover, finite sample bias, although of moderate magnitude, is present underlining the importance of more refined estimation techniques. Also the efficiency gains by exploiting the heteroscedasticity and cross-correlation patterns between countries are sometimes considerable.     

白居易"中隐"及其对后世的影响

白居易"中隐"是以庄子的逍遥人生为理念,远离政治斗争的遂性自由的生存哲学和方式,其核心是"适",在适性逍遥的前提下,再安排对社会、家庭、国家、民族的责任.这是一种强调个体生命高于一切的现代人本主义精神,在儒家思想占据统治地位的专制集权社会,这一思想是超前的.而且,其适性逍遥并不是其最终的目标,其最终的目标是以适性逍遥为保证,实现自己的自由自在的艺术创造.故白居易"中隐"对后世苏轼、明代三袁均有很大影响,但毕竟时代不同了,这种影响终于以浪漫精神衰退为特点走向另一种形态.