浅谈电子商务涉及的法律问题

近年来,电子商务发展迅速,对社会生活产生了很大影响,并逐渐形成了一种新型的社会关系。与此同时,电子商务领域中也出现了涉及商法、刑法、民法、知识产权和国际法等许多亟待解决的法律问题。因此,分析电子商务活动中诸多涉及法律的问题及产生的原因,在遵循国际示范法的标准并借鉴国外的先进经验的同时,结合我国的国情制定出适合我国的电子商务法律,对促进我国电子商务的健康、有序、规范发展是非常必要的。     

中国近代商会伦理道德思想管窥--以天津商会和苏州商会为中心

中国近代商会乃中西文化冲撞与融合过程中催生的新式行业性组织,其形成、发展本身蕴涵着对传统落后伦理道德思想的清算。在近代伦理道德重构中,商会志士围绕在价值取向上追求爱国与利益统一;在思想内涵上致力于中西伦理道德结合;在具体规范上崇尚自由平等、权利义务、竞争、团结平等,在理想人格上努力塑造近代经济人格,并积极社会实践,推动了中国传统伦理道德的近代化。     

环境问题的社会学探索

环境社会学是二十世纪六、七十年代以来出现的社会学的一门分支学科。社会学在对环境问题的理论探索过程中争论的一个主要焦点是,环境问题是属于自然界的问题,还是属于社会的问题。本文通过对环境社会学理论历程的梳理,试图展现环境问题本身是一个具有复杂性的问题。     

论中国艺术表演团体改革的实现途径--兼论中国文化体制改革的特殊性

中国文化事业体制改革的目标和道路要受到行业内部特殊矛盾运动形态的制约。以艺术表演团体改革为例透视文化事业单位改革与政府策略选择之间的关系,可以为决策者提供一种有关中国文化事业体制改革过程和特点的具象把握。在整个社会由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨时期,艺术表演团体固有的政治-伦理角色、市场-经营角色、艺术-行业角色三重身份和伦理性目标、政治性目标、经济效益目标、审美价值目标等多重目标之间相互矛盾、相互依存和对立统一,共同构成了艺术表演团体内部复杂的矛盾运动。而正是这种矛盾特殊性构成各级政府在推进艺术表演团体改革过程中的策略选择基础。     

加强管理提高毕业设计(论文)质量

为提高学生毕业设计 (论文 )质量 ,在管理方面采取了一系列措施 :完善管理制度 ,注重质量控制 ,重视选题质量 ,加强教师指导 ,严格答辩要求 ,科学评定成绩 ,评选优秀设计 (论文 )。     

Potential exposures and risks from beryllium-containing products.

Beryllium is the strongest of the lightweight metals. Used primarily in military applications prior to the end of the Cold War, beryllium is finding new applications in many commercial products, including computers, telecommunication equipment, and consumer and automotive electronics. The use of beryllium in nondefense consumer applications is of concern because beryllium is toxic. Inhalation of beryllium dust or vapor causes a chronic lung disease in some individuals at concentrations as low as 0.01 microg/m3 in air. As beryllium enters wider commerce, it is prudent to ask what risks this might present to the general public and to workers downstream of the beryllium materials industry. We address this question by evaluating the potential for beryllium exposure from the manufacturing, use, recycle, and disposal of beryllium-containing products. Combining a market study with a qualitative exposure analysis, we determine which beryllium applications and life cycle phases have the largest exposure potential. Our analysis suggests that use and maintenance of the most common types of beryllium-containing products do not result in any obvious exposures of concern, and that maintenance activities result in greater exposures than product use. Product disposal has potential to present significant individual risks, but uncertainties concerning current and future routes of product disposal make it difficult to be definitive. Overall, additional exposure and dose-response data are needed to evaluate both the health significance of many exposure scenarios, and the adequacy of existing regulations to protect workers and the public. Although public exposures to beryllium and public awareness and concern regarding beryllium risks are currently low, beryllium risks have psychometric qualities that may lead to rapidly heightened public concern.     

论"从日本奇迹到日本问题"

战后创造过经济奇迹的日本 ,在 2 0世纪的最后十年陷入了极其深重的经济危机。究其原因 ,一是独特的法人相互持股制度已从多方面对日本经济的发展形成了桎梏 ;二是银行与企业融合的主办银行制度在进入 80年代后出现了一系列问题 ;三是以终身雇佣制度为核心的企业人力资源管理体制显现出严重的机制性缺陷 ;四是双向式控制的公司治理结构的负作用越来越明显 ;五是政府强干预的经济管理体制的局限性逐渐暴露出来。     

Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

中国会计国际化趋势

通过对中国会计国际化进程中会计制度改革的现状及存在问题的分析,指出了处在经济转型时期的中国,与国际财务报告准则完全接轨尚有一定的障碍。随着我国改革开放的深入和参与国际经济一体化步伐的加快,这些障碍会逐步消失,与国际财务报告准则全面接轨是必然趋势。今后的努力方向:第一,要大力培养国际型高素质的会计人才;第二,要健全法律法规,完善市场经济体制,为会计国际化创造良好的外部环境;第三,要加强会计界的国际交流与合作,借鉴国际会计惯例,逐步实现中国会计的国际化。