从PPI变化看当前稳增长与化解过剩产能

我国经济稳增长必须把化解过剩产能作为一项重要任务,这既是减少经济波动的需要,也是转变经济发展方式,为新兴产业发展腾笼换鸟的必然要求。建议多管齐下,实行五大战略:坚持实施扩大内需战略,大力促进消费需求增长和稳步推进城市化;坚持实施走出去战略,积极拓展国际新兴市场和转移国内过剩生产能力;坚持实施产业创新升级战略,大力优化行业技术和产品结构;坚持实施淘汰落后产能战略,严格控制过剩行业产能扩张;坚持建立健全产业引导调控战略,促进产业有序竞争发展。     

Asset-Building Policies and Safety for Women

Abstract

While the importance of equitable income distribution is well-documented in the literature, this author considers the additional role assets might play in assisting women with achieving long-term economic security, as well as increasing their level of safety. Integrating feminist and exchange theories with asset-building theory provides a more inclusive model for conceptualizing the interrelatedness of economic resources, race/ethnicity, and woman abuse. This model allows us to stretch current ways of thinking about these issues in order to create and evaluate public policies that might play an important role in redressing the economic inequities abused women frequently experience.     

面向东盟的区域物流人才培养方案优化与实践——以钦州学院为例

中国—东盟互联互通渐入佳境,北部湾经济区物流及相关产业迅猛发展,促使物流人才需求数量和质量发生变化,亟待进行人才培养方案的重新建构.结合钦州学院物流人才培养实践,通过对面向东盟的区域物流人才培养方案优化的目标分析及其内容的阐释,提出了面向东盟的区域物流人才培养方案优化的保障措施.     

预期收益最大化与“蚁族”现象

蚁族现象的本质是大学毕业生选择在大城市还是中小城镇就业的问题。从理性人假设的角度来看,蚁族现象的原因在于蚁族们为了获得更多的就业机会、更高的就业质量等经济收益,和更多的教育收益、消费收益、心理收益和健康收益等非经济收益,从而主动选择在大城市就业的结果。减少蚁族现象的思路在于提高大学毕业生收入、促进教育公平和均衡发展、重视发展中小城镇、引导大学毕业生到中小城镇就业。     

The relation between societal factors and different forms of prejudice: A cross-national approach on target-specific and generalized prejudice

The goal of this paper was to investigate the generalizability of prejudice across contexts by analyzing associations between different types of prejudice in a cross-national perspective and by investigating the relation between country-specific contextual factors and target-specific prejudices. Relying on the European Social Survey (2008), results indicated that prejudices were indeed positively associated, confirming the existence of a generalized prejudice component. Next to substantial cross-national differences in associational strength, also within country variance in target-specific associations was observed. This suggested that the motivations for prejudice largely vary according to the intergroup context. Two aspects of the intergroup context – economic conditions and cultural values – showed to be related to generalized and target-specific components of prejudice. Future research on prejudice and context should take an integrative approach that considers both the idea of generalized and specific prejudice simultaneously.     

Does culture matter for the economic performance of countries? An overview of the literature

From the point of view of economic development, the world is far from being homogeneous. Among the possible causes of such uneven evolution, culture is starting to attract the attention of a growing number of scholars. The present paper surveys some of the most important contributions on culture and economics, with a particular focus on the definition and measurement of culture and on the impact of different cultural traits on economic variables. According to this review of the literature, cultures emphasising individual effort while providing equal opportunities for everyone are more likely to encourage sustained economic growth.     

Decentralization and growth: Do informal institutions and rule of law matter?

We develop a model of the interactions among decentralization, informal institutions and the rule of law. The model sheds light on the ambiguous empirical results reported in the literature regarding the growth effects of the policy of devolving fiscal responsibility to local governments. We find that the distribution of civicness within a country determines the magnitude of the effects of decentralization on its regional convergence, as well as whether decentralization fosters or dampens the country’s national growth. We perform a series of simulated “reforms” using Monte Carlo methods parameterized using OECD countries data set. We then test our findings using a panel data set of 23 OECD countries covering the period 1975–2010. We find that the short and the long run growth effect of decentralization policy depends on the size of the policy reform and can range from extremely negative to positive depending on the rule of law, the level of social capital and its regional dispersion, in line with the model predictions.     

China’s first priority in post-war state building: A wealthy state,or a strong army?

This analysis examined causal links in China’s defence–growth nexus in 1960–2016. The results show that better growth significantly reduces military-civilian ratio and propels military reforms. The unidirectional threshold causality from growth to defence shows that the military impact on a positive change in China’s growth is little in the long term. Conversely, the growth impact of a positive change in defence has accelerated after it reaches the threshold year in 1987. This finding explains why Chinese economy stagnated when defence was prioritised and why China has risen dramatically in the Far East after three decades of fast economic growth.     

America’s policy thinking in the age of Trump

What is striking in Trumpian economics – supply-side economics too – is the omission of economic growth. There is no awareness that nations at the frontier need indigenous innovation to have ample growth. The take-offs into sustained growth in 19th century Britain and America were fueled by dynamism from the grassroots up. Moreover, this stunted economics has no room for the rewards from participating in the economy besides the market wage – for the satisfaction of succeeding at what one is doing, the sense of flourishing as one’s career unfolds, and the thrill of venturing into the unknown.     

Commodity price shocks and the distribution of income in commodity-dependent least-developed countries

Many least developed countries (LDCs) face commodity dependence on the export and import side. This paper develops a structuralist computable general equilibrium model for commodity-dependent LDCs and simulates global commodity price shocks for Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Mozambique. Results show important macroeconomic and distributional effects. Although increasing export commodity prices are beneficial, the high correlation with import commodity prices causes low or even negative combined effects. The magnitude of effects depends on the degree of import and export dependence, the production structure of the key commodity sectors and policies that determine the distribution of windfall profits.