“发酵工程”课程教学改革探讨

在素质教育的大背景下,结合高校专业课学时较少的实际情况, 积极探索"发酵工程"课程的教学改革,通过实施精选教学内容、整合优化课程体系以及建立多层次的实验教学体系等方面的改革措施,以期达到提高教学质量、提升学生的综合素质和创新能力的目的.     

苏俄工程伦理学研究述评

对技术发展所作的人文思考在很大程度上是一些伦理或与伦理学密切相关的问题。当我们通过这样一些本该属于伦理学的概念,譬如善、恶、责任、公平、自由等去看待技术的发展时,就要涉及到技术或工程伦理的观点。前苏联和俄罗斯哲学家提出的一系列为技术的发展和应用做道德辩护的原创性思想,为我国工程伦理学的建立和发展提供了借鉴。     

Network assessment: Design of a framework and indicators for monitoring and self-assessment of a customized gender equality plan in the Mediterranean Engineering Education context

With more than 28 active members, the Mediterranean Engineering Schools Network (RMEI) is the most active network on gender equality in the Mediterranean area. Supported by the HORIZON2020 TARGET project ‘Taking a Reflexive Approach to Gender Equality for Institutional Transformation’, in conceptualizing gender equality learning and system change, the network took a context-specific approach based on a theory of change and other STEM organizational frameworks, to design a self-assessment framework and indicators, considering the systemic view of SDG5 horizontally connected to all SDGs, national context complexity, and transdisciplinary requirements. 95 simple, practical, user-friendly indicators were designed, fitting in the specificities of the Mediterranean-Engineering context. The analysis showed that the network realized its vision, made the ‘passage’ from theory to praxis on gender equality change, effectively developed meaningful processes/structures, formulated a policy statement, built a community of practice and inspired members. It also achieved trustful relationships and inspired outputs, effective communication, sharing of information and resources, and top management commitment. Critical aspects are a) the analysis in depth of issues linked to the existence of gender-based stereotypes and bias in engineering schools of the Mediterranean that entails tackling gender ideologies considering the whole national social system and existing structures; b) sustainability of gender equality structures created at the member institutions with the support of TARGET project which is depending on the willingness of institution’s leaders to continue/advance with gender-sensitive strategies in their institution.     

Theory of nonparametric statistics for rounded-off data with applications

This article gives a unified account of nonparametric statistics, covering testing, estimating, multiple comparisons, analysis of variance and regression, for rounded-off data, with ties handled by the average scores method. The theory is illustrated by means of numerous applications to the Biomedical, Engineering and Behavioral Sciences.     

Visual extended enterprise engineering and operation-embedding knowledge management and work execution

This paper describes a new approach to extended enterprise engineering and operation-embedding knowledge management and work-tops for work execution. The approach is based on web technologies and a new technology we call active knowledge models (AKM). By developing and using AKMs of extended enterprises, most methodologies, work environments and business solutions will converge. Enterprises will be integrated by externalized shareable knowledge. During forming and managing of extended enterprises, knowledgesharing infrastructures and the process of generating operational solutions will be simplified and facilitated. Extended enterprises will be engineered and managed as reflective, selfadapting AKMs. By using process-oriented methods to externalize internal and tacit knowledge, the AKM technology provides an environment of work-tops and views to produce, share, cultivate and manage situated knowledge. This knowledge will be applied and managed as competences and skills, and as improved methods. AKMs let us benefit from the intrinsic properties of knowledge. They facilitate convergence of methodologies and integration of technologies.     

Establishing safety stocks for master production schedules

The basic master production scheduling problem assumes that periodic demands are known with certainty. Uncertainty in the forecasts arc typically accommodated afterwards by adding safety stocks to a schedule. Two popular methods for establishing safety stocks are: (1) the constant cycle service level method; and (2) the constant safety stock method. This paper outlines these methods and then develops a third method which results in optimal safety stocks. The paper includes an experimental investigation aimed at comparing performances of the three safety stock methods. The constant safety stock method is shown to perform within one or two per cent of optimal, while the constant cycle service level method performs worse under most conditions. Shorter lead times, variable order interval lengths, and time-dependent forecast errors all adversely affect the performances of the non-optimal methods. An operations manager could use these results to evaluate the appropriateness of the methods for his master production scheduling environment.     

The relative career advancement of men and women engineers in the United States

Abstract

Despite the fact that women engineering students perform as well as their male classmates during college, women engineers report lower salaries and supervisory responsibility levels after about five years in the labour force. Several hypotheses concerning the reasons for the differences in career advancement of men and women engineers were investigated in a national survey of engineers in the United States. The gender differences in career advancement could not be explained by differences in education level or in self-perceptions of ability. The fact that women were more likely to have taken a career break than were men did decrease their salaries and supervisory levels. However, gender differences were still apparent even when this factor was controlled. The careers of both men and women were affected by conflicts arising from the multiple roles of worker, spouse, and parent, but many women engineers avoided such conflicts by remaining single and childless. These results challenge several popular explanations for the differential advancement of men and women, but the actual causes remain unknown.     

《矿山压力》课程实验教学方法改革

结合学校采矿工程专业《矿山压力》课程的实验教学现状,提出了通过数值模拟软件进行实验教学的改革方案。借助于大型数值模拟软件RFPA、ANSYS、FLAC等建立相应矿压实验教学模型,通过模拟分析和动画演示等形式进行实验教学,解决了实验经费不足,实验教学仪器匮乏的问题。软件模拟实验教学提高了学生参与模型设计的积极性和主动性,增加了学习兴趣,改善了实验效果。     

重大工程项目风险管理中的综合集成方法

随着我国计划经济体制向市场经济体制的逐步过渡,重大工程项目所面临的风险越来越大,加强对重大工程项目风险管理的理论研究和实际应用就显得非常重要。本文对重大工程项目中风险的特点进行了剖析,提出了以综合集成方法为指导对重大工程项目进行全寿命动态风险管理的观点,并对如何制订和实施项目风险管理计划作了具体分析。     

轮机英语词汇的量化特征

运用容量为100万单词的轮机英语语料库,研究轮机英语词汇的量化特征,其中包括:轮机英语的词汇密度、零阶单词熵和复杂度、大学英语四级和六级词汇对轮机英语的单词覆盖率、HERDAN-HEAPS等数学模型对轮机英语词汇增长曲线的拟合度。