Fuzzy Overall Equipment Effectiveness (FOEE): capturing performance fluctuations through LR Fuzzy numbers

The paper focuses on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), a performance indicator that is extensively used in the industry. The aim is to extend the capabilities of the OEE, so as to capture the day-to-day fluctuations to which manufacturing performances are subjected. To this aim, manufacturing losses are decomposed into elementary causes and modelled as LR fuzzy numbers. Next, in order to compute the Fuzzy Overall Equipment Effectiveness (FOEE), single losses are aggregated using the ‘fuzzy transformation model’. This approach limits the fuzzy overestimation phenomenon and assures both results’ accuracy and robustness. An industrial application, part of a lean project carried on by an important Italian manufacturing firm, is finally presented. Results are encouraging, since the FOEE made it possible to trace back the share of the overall fluctuations that is ascribable to each cause of loss. In this way, it provided the basis for setting improvement priorities and directed the lean team toward the selection of appropriate corrective actions.     

Combinatorial design of a minimum cost transfer line

The problem of equipment selection for a production line is considered. Each piece of equipment, also called unit or block, performs a set of operations. All necessary operations of the line and all available blocks with their costs are known. The difficulty is to choose the most appropriate blocks and group them into (work)stations. There are some constraints that restrict the assignment of different blocks to the same station. Two combinatorial approaches for solving this problem are suggested. Both are based on a novel concept of locally feasible stations. The first approach combinatorially enumerates all feasible solutions, and the second reduces the problem to search for a maximum weight clique. A boolean linear program based on a set packing formulation is presented. Computer experiments with benchmark data are described. Their results show that the set packing model is competitive and can be used to solve real-life problems.     

谈我院多媒体教室的管理与维护

多媒体教室作为计算机辅助教学的基础设施和重要组成部分 ,已广泛应用于高等院校课堂教学。本文对我院教师在使用多媒体教室过程中经常出现的问题进行了分析 ,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

Fire and rescue operational effectiveness: the effect of alternative crewing patterns

Abstract

Decreasing demand and reduced budgets are driving changes to traditional crewing methods in the UK Fire and Rescue Service. Using an integration of two years' operational data within a novel framework, this paper assesses the impact of alternative crewing on operational effectiveness in one UK FRS. Changes in crewing patterns were implemented without substantial impact on overall operational effectiveness, but there may be a risk to wider operational resilience. The Overall Effectiveness of Fire Operations (OEFO) assessment tool can inform FRS decision making in an authentic way allowing stakeholder confidence in the outcomes, whilst being timely and not too complex or costly to evaluate. The OEFO approach is an important contribution to practice through its ability to assess public services at a time of challenging reform and demonstrates alterations can be made to crewing patterns to better match demand provided there is consideration of the potential wider impact.     

Extending the Quantitative Assessment of Industrial Risks to Earthquake Effects

In the general framework of quantitative methods for natural‐technological (NaTech) risk analysis, a specific methodology was developed for assessing risks caused by hazardous substances released due to earthquakes. The contribution of accidental scenarios initiated by seismic events to the overall industrial risk was assessed in three case studies derived from the actual plant layout of existing oil refineries. Several specific vulnerability models for different equipment classes were compared and assessed. The effect of differing structural resistances for process equipment on the final risk results was also investigated. The main factors influencing the final risk values resulted from the models for equipment vulnerability and the assumptions for the reference damage states of the process equipment. The analysis of case studies showed that in seismic zones the additional risk deriving from damage caused by earthquakes may be up to more than one order of magnitude higher than that associated to internal failure causes. Critical equipment was determined to be mainly pressurized tanks, even though atmospheric tanks were more vulnerable to containment loss. Failure of minor process equipment having a limited hold‐up of hazardous substances (such as pumps) was shown to have limited influence on the final values of the risk increase caused by earthquakes.     

基于知识整合的石油装备业自主创新能力研究

针对石油装备制造业的自主创新能力问题,分析了石油装备制造业、自主创新能力、知识整合相关理论,将知识整合划分为消化型、适应型、解决型、演进型、再造型知识整合5类,并按这5种类型,分析其对石油装备制造业自主创新能力提升的作用机理。研究结果对石油装备制造业自主创新能力提升有指导意义。     

企业创新网络现状与技术创新能力提升的路径研究——基于宝鸡装备制造业创新网络关系的调查

装备制造业是工业的“母机”,承担着为国民经济各行业和国防建设提供技术装备的重任。基于宝鸡142家装备制造业的调查问卷统计,就制造商-供应商-用户之间的网络关系、同行企业之间的网络关系、产学研合作关系、企业创新行动中的社会关系等分别进行了考察,外部网络联结的密度影响技术创新能力的提高。宝鸡技术创新能力提升的路径：发挥相对优势和竞争优势,特别是特色产业优势;利用产业集群构建企业创新网络,创造企业创新网络发展的创新环境;加强技术创新体系建设,打造企业自主创新的平台;以信息化建设为基础,为企业技术创新开辟新途径。     

论空间资产特定问题的法律框架——《空间资产特定问题议定书》草案的进展、争议焦点及前景

国际统一私法协会正在制订《移动设备国际利益公约——空间资产特定问题议定书》,以调整以所有权保留、物上担保以及租赁等方式进行的空间资产融资。议定书起草过程已耗时十年,目前在空间资产的定义和范围,用于提供公共服务的空间资产的融资中出现违约情形时对违约救济的限制,议定书与联合国外层空间条约体系规则的关系等问题上仍存在较大争议,甚至导致议定书的起草过程陷入僵局。这些争议问题体现了国家利益的博弈以及债权人与国家利益的冲突。中国虽积极参加了议定书的起草工作,但是国内规范卫星产业的实体和程序性规则距离空间商业化利用所需规范还有很大差距。     

废旧电器回收再生利用产业链中价格形成机制研究

废旧电器回收体系的建立可以保障资源的高效循环利用,同时,合理的利益分配可以保障系统的正常运转。文章在研究了欧洲各国的成功经验的基础上,结合我国国情,提出了一个符合我国国情的废旧电器回收再生利用产业链模型。深入探讨了模型中价格的形成要素,引入动态博弈理论,探讨制造商在竞争条件下的定价策略,以及政府的调控手段。该模型为计划和市场的有效结合,通过政府干预、市场调节等手段达到系统的动态平衡,促进可再生资源的充分利用。     

我国地区间资本要素市场分割状况:测算与分析

在完全竞争市场假设下,不同地区资本回报率应趋向统一。基于这一前提,本文首次将微观数据汇总到地区层面,借鉴“价格法”的思想,基于“市场形成价格,价格引导资源配置”提出资本要素市场分割测算方法。本文使用1998—2013年的工业企业数据库,分别在省份、地市层面测算工业、重工业、轻工业、高端装备制造业、高技术产业、战略性新兴产业、装备制造业的全国资本要素市场及省份内资本要素市场的市场分割程度。研究发现,第一,整体来看,1998—2013 年各类资本要素市场分割程度大幅度下降,下降幅度在50%左右,其中高端装备制造业、高技术产业下降尤为明显。分阶段来看,资本要素市场在第一阶段(1998—2002年)及第二阶段(2002—2008年)均趋于整合。第二,基于地级市层面的测算发现,经济发展水平相对较高地区的市场分割下降幅度大于经济发展水平相对较低地区,且在样本期末前者的市场分割程度低于后者。第三,基于省份层面的测算发现,全国各行业市场分割平均下降幅度大致在49%~63%之间,东部沿海地区市场分割程度相对低于内陆地区。第四,增加市县级政府税收共享比例在调动地方积极性的同时会加剧市场分割,而中央政府在更大范围的基础设施建设将推动资本要素市场整合。