欧盟内部关于地区政策的论辩

作为欧盟一项重要政策，地区政策在欧盟内部一直有争论。论辩的焦点问题有三个，即在成员国政府已有自己的地区政策的情况下，是否有必要建立欧盟单独的地区政策，欧洲一体化对地区问题是否有影响，欧盟的某些政策措施是否妥当。考察这些论辩，有助于人们认识这一政策的重要性与复杂性，对于我国目前正在实施的西部大开发战略亦可提供借鉴和启迪。     

The Informal European Parliamentary Working Group on Risk—History,Remit, and Future Plans: A Personal View

On September 5, 2012 the inaugural meeting of the European Parliamentary Working Group on Risk (WGR) took place in the European Parliament in Brussels. It is chaired by Mrs. Julie Girling (U.K. Conservative), Member of the European Parliament (MEP), and involves some 10–12 other MEPs representing a wide array of European political parties from across the EU member state countries, including Sweden, the Netherlands, and Hungary. The WGR is supported by a small secretariat reporting directly to Julie Girling MEP. In this background article of WGR, I discuss the background to why WGR was set up, the remit of the committee, and some of its possible future plans. I do this very much in a personal capacity, having suggested the formation of the committee in the first place and persuaded Mrs. Girling to chair it.     

The religious and worldview dimension of intercultural education: the Council of Europe’s contribution

ABSTRACT

This article traces the Council of Europe’s work on teaching about religions and non-religious worldviews, regarded as an important contributor to intercultural education. It explains why studies of religions came late in the Council of Europe’s educational work and traces the development of a project which led to a Recommendation from its Committee of Ministers on teaching about religions and non-religious worldviews. It summarises follow-up work by the Council of Europe and the European Wergeland Centre, which led to the publication of Signposts. It outlines new research on themes identified in Signposts and discusses the relationship between intercultural education and studies of religions, in the context of the Council of Europe and responds to criticisms of its work. An account of the development of a new teacher training module, based on Signposts, is given. The module can be adapted for use in Council of Europe member states and in different settings, including university and school-based teacher training. An account is given of the work of the module’s writing group, its structure and chapters, the piloting undertaken and how it could develop. Finally, this article introduces the concept of ‘dialogical liberalism’, aiming to promote dialogue and discussion, rather than imposing equality.     

Trafficked children and child protection systems in the European Union

Child trafficking is a significant social problem across the European Union (EU). A discourse has emerged of state services failing trafficked children, who are portrayed as especially vulnerable. Less attention is paid to the socio-political conditions within the EU that result in exclusion. Such exclusion adds to the situational vulnerability that many children on the move experience and it may lead to exploitation. This paper is based on a review of 20 multi-national European Commission funded projects about child trafficking. The projects addressed the child trafficking priorities outlined in the EU Anti-Trafficking Strategy [(2012). Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–2016, COM (2012) 286, final. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0286&;from=EN]. Projects were reviewed via in-depth reading. Protective services for children in origin, transit and host countries contribute to the conditions that sustain child trafficking. Systems do not have the capacity to manage the consequences of globalisation. Consequently, exclusionary criteria are applied on the basis of gender, form of exploitation and ethnicity. In this review, being an EU citizen did not result in any guarantees of protection. Better protection requires commitment and investment in preventative programmes.     

欧洲中世纪有宪法吗

谈到近现代欧洲各国的宪法或民主政治,人们宁可到古希腊和古罗马的民主政治中寻找根源,而不愿将之与近代毗邻的"黑暗的"中世纪相联系.人们概念中的等级、特权和专制的欧洲中世纪是没有宪法的.但果真如此吗?本文以有别于传统宪法定义的方式,在对欧洲中世纪宪法进行科学界定的基础上,通过理论论证和实证分析,得出欧洲中世纪有宪法的结论.     

北约“新战略”与欧美关系

北约“新战略”是90年代以来西方尤其是美国的军事政治战略，它的基本内容是1.北约的“全欧化”；2.行动方式从“集体防御”转向“积极防御”；3.非联合国授权的行动。这种战略的目标是1.为美国的全球利益服务；2.北约功能的政治-军事化；3.构筑新欧洲的安全框架。这必将带来北约内部美欧关系的变化，表现在1.双方在安全利益上的一致与冲突；2.调整双方的权力与责任关系；3.“授权”问题上的矛盾难以协调。     

European identity: between modernity and postmodernity

The purpose of this inquiry is to rethink the concept of European identity within the framework of the Declaration on European Identity and the Charter of European Identity. It will be argued that those documents employ the modernist notion of a centered, rational, stable, autonomous and unified self. However, this idea of the self leads to exclusion and essentialism. In this way, European identity cannot embrace the multiculturalism of European societies. Thus, it should be replaced by a more flexible, dynamic and shifting concept of identity.     

Social innovation,an answer to contemporary societal challenges? Locating the concept in theory and practice

Social innovation discourses see in social challenges opportunities to make societies more sustainable and cohesive through inclusive practices, coproduction and pro-active grassroots initiatives. In this paper we are concerned first that the concept has been stretched in so many directions that it is at breaking point. We illustrate this by documenting the varied uses of social innovation in different academic and policy discourses. Second, we assume that, if social innovation is to be a useful concept for policy-makers, then it must tell us something about what adjustments are needed to develop an effective political economy that is social innovation ready. Finally, we argue that what is needed is more theoretical and empirical work to help social innovation to develop into an effective policy tool.     

欧美国家教师领导研究进展及其对我国教育改革的启示

教师领导是近20年倍受欧美教育管理研究者、政策制定者和实践者重视的理论,并被应用于教育改革实践,且产生了良好的效果。由官僚领导模式向专业模式转变经历了三次浪潮,触及到教师领导内涵,教师领导在教育改革实践中所发挥的作用等问题。这一理论对我国学校内部管理体制改革有重要启示。     

基于政府与企业合作的应急物资存储成本控制问题的研究

本文针对政府储备应急物资过期报废损失严重、存储成本高的问题,提出了政府委托企业储备应急物资的方案,并对委托合作后政府如何激励企业降低应急物资存储成本的问题进行了研究。首先对政府与企业合作前后应急物资储备成本进行了分析,寻找能使节约成本公平分配的条件,继而在企业尽最大努力降低应急物资存储成本的条件下,建立了政府成本节约期望效用最大化的激励模型。最后用算例验证了政府和企业合作后存储成本控制的问题。