Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.     

The Tunnel at the End of the Light: the Crisis of Transition in Hungary

The economic, political and social transition processes of the last two decades, far from being in harmony, clearly have a detrimental rather than an enriching influence on each other. These processes will never become harmonised just by themselves in a natural fashion. The worst obstacle of a successful transformation is that the chief actors, such as the government, the market and the representatives of the society. The Prince, the Merchant and the Citizen do not show the necessary commitment, competence and determination to create a new, effective type of partnership. This is a challenge which urgently demands answers on all levels of governance, economic and social life. This must be done in the frames of local communities, and on the regional, the European and the global levels. Nearly twenty years after the political turnabout, Hungary now needs a new social contract and must lay down the ethical, political, institutional and intellectual foundations for its twenty-first century democracy.

论欧共体反倾销退税制度

欧共体在反倾销立法之初就设立了反倾销退税制度,并在实践中不断加以改进,以纠正预期征收反倾销税可能造成的过度征税问题。了解欧共体反倾销退税制度,有利于我国完善反倾销退税制度。我国企业也应有效利用退税制度,维护自己和他国贸易伙伴的合法利益。     

略谈"共同体利益"在欧共体反倾销法中的应用

欧共体反倾销法的一个显著特点就是将"共同体利益"作为考虑反倾销措施的必要条件。在长期的反倾销立法和实践中,"共同体利益"涵盖的内容不断丰富和完善,其重要性也逐渐增强。由于诸多因素,"共同体利益"规定和应用上存在很大缺陷,分析其利与弊,对我国反倾销和应诉欧共体反倾销都有着重要的现实意义。     

欧盟航空碳税的法理分析

大气环境是人类共同资源,保护共同资源应体现不同历史责任,体现代际公平与代内公平.航空碳关税政策具有正义性,有利于实施全球性的行业减排,有助于人们调整生产和消费方式.但是,全球性的共同问题由区域法律规范调整不公平也难以实施.航空碳关税政策隐藏着利益博弈,国家之间的利益调整应通过制定国际法规则,在尊重平等权的基础上,坚持生存权优先地位.     

Expanding and Diversifying South Mediterranean Exports through Trade Facilitation

This article explores whether trade facilitation – i.e. improved and simplified trade procedures – could be an important part of the reform agenda of the Barcelona Process. Adopting a Southern perspective by focusing on exports to the European Union (EU) from non‐EU Mediterranean countries, it tests whether the efficiency of trade procedures affects (i) bilateral volumes of exports and (ii) the number of products exported. The findings suggest that trade facilitation could lead to substantially increased export volumes and export diversification.     

试析欧陆哲学与中国哲学思想上的“亲和性”

考察近代中西哲学交流、传播史,我们发现英美等自由主义不易为中国所接受,而欧洲哲学则反是。若探究其原因,可从民族维度、时代维度进行双重考量。民族维度主要基于哲学的性质,时代维度则主要从时代背景、政治环境着手。我们研讨两种不同的哲学在中国传播的命运,乃在于为中西哲学文化会通尤其为马克思主义的"深层中国化"提供智力支持和理论依据。     

2011年欧洲男子沙滩手球锦标赛攻防数据分析

在分析欧洲男子沙滩手球锦标赛的赛制、攻防数据的基础上,对比前3名与后3名球队的差异,发现强队2分射门比例高,尤其是快板球射门方面,而弱队重视特殊队员及旋转射门得分,1分射门比例高。防守方面,在封挡和抢断上强队表现要优于弱队。     

Flows and Cohesion: Balancing Capabilities Across an Expanded Union1

Until recently the flow of skilled workers to established centres from more peripheral regions was seen as a ‘brain drain’, implying a one‐way and permanent loss of skilled labour. However, increasing mobility and connectivity permits more complex traffic between more and less advanced locations. With the emergence of a global economy dependent on flows of material and intellectual capital, the notion of ‘brain circulation’ has gained prominence. Understanding the potential benefits of migration to both donor and recipient economies must move beyond financial remittance to social remittance. As connectivity increases, both become capacity‐building resources. This article discusses the impact of a combination of greater physical mobility and electronic connectivity on the dual objectives of social cohesion and technical leadership being pursued through the policies of the European Commission.     

论一般累犯构成的主观条件

我国新旧刑法规定一般累犯构成的主观条件限制为故意犯罪,排斥过失犯罪,笔者认为,该规定与特别刑法相冲突,也存在着诸多明显的不合理性,建议立法机关适时取消新刑法第65条第一款的"但书"规定。