Role of social welfare in European suicide prevention

Yur'yev A, Värnik A, Värnik P, Sisask M, Leppik L. Role of social welfare in European suicide prevention The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between suicide mortality and social expenditure in 26 European countries, explore attitudes towards welfare systems and their relationship with suicide mortality, and compare attitudes towards welfare provision in Eastern and Western Europe. The World Health Organization suicide data and Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development social expenditure data for 1980–2005 were used. Data on attitudes towards welfare systems were taken from the European Social Survey. Differences between mean scores for attitudes in Western and Eastern European countries were calculated. Correlations between social expenditure and suicide trends were negative in most countries for both genders. Inverse correlations between attitudes towards welfare provision and suicide mortality rates were demonstrated for males only. Differences in attitudes were found between Eastern and Western European countries; for example, confidence in the welfare system was found to be stronger in Western Europe. Higher social expenditure and greater confidence in welfare provision appear to have suicide‐preventive effects.     

当代印度政坛中的雅利安人入侵理论争议初探

长期以来,由于受西方知识界对印欧文化百年研究积累的影响,＂雅利安人入侵理论＂始终位居学界主流,并进入印度与世界各国的教科书中,成为我们诠释印度古代历史的重要基础;时至今日,在后殖民学术批判风潮与印度教民族主义的推波助澜之下,此一理论却俨然成为具有高度政治争议性的论题。影响所及,不光是在印度国内的学界,更波及全世界的印度学研究社群。究竟对于＂雅利安人入侵理论＂的争论如何影响当代印度政治发展？此一理论为什么又能引起如此惊人的政治效应？各方对于此一理论的基本立场差异又是如何？透过本文的讨论,我们希望能针对这些问题提出回答。     

深化与挑战:欧盟东扩及其走向分析

欧盟东扩极大地促进了欧洲一体化的深化,集中表现在欧盟超国家组织权限的进一步拓展以及多数表决制应用范围的扩大.但扩大对于深化又具有一定程度的否定性,东扩因此又对一体化的深化带来了部分挑战:其一是新成员国的加入将增加一体化的整合成本与难度;其二是东扩推动下的部分制度变革将会对一体化的深化带来一定的负面影响.然而东扩带来的挑战并不完全意味着一体化深化进程的停滞与终结,否定本身又孕育着推动一体化深化的新条件.     

苏联对早期欧洲一体化的反应与影响

在二战期间和战后初期的欧洲联合运动中 ,苏联持一种坚决反对的态度 ,并采取了一些可能的措施予以反击。导致苏联这一立场的根本原因在于 ,其主要领导人对当时国际形势的看法和对自身安全利益的追求。此外 ,苏联战后在东欧的扩张与干涉 ,反而从事实上推动了欧洲一体化的进程     

Bivariate income distributions with lognormal conditionals

In this paper, the most general bivariate distribution with lognormal conditionals is fully characterized, using the methodology proposed by [3]. The properties of the new family are studied in detail, including marginal and conditional distributions, regression functions, dependence measures, moments and inequality measures. The new distribution is very broad, and contains as a particular case the classical bivariate lognormal distribution. Several subfamilies are studied and a generalization of the basic model is discussed. Finally, we present an empirical application. We estimate and compare the basic model proposed in the paper with a classical model, using data from the European Community Household Panel in different periods of time.     

东盟与欧盟区域整合之比较

区域整合是当今世界发展的一种普遍现象,而东盟与欧盟的区域整合最引人瞩目。这两个组织尽管在成立的历史背景及其发展道路上存在着某些相似性,但是,由于东盟与欧盟在自然条件、历史传统、政治制度、经济制度和社会发展水平等方面所存在的巨大差异,它们的区域整合在深度和广度上都存在着明显的不同,特别是对建立超国家机构的不同态度,构成了东盟与欧盟区域整合模式的根本性区别。     

Is there a European social work identity?

The aim of this paper is to examine whether at this point in time the notion of a ‘European social work identity’ can be sustained. The paper commences with some brief consideration of theories of identity, and particularly draws attention to social constructionist identity theory, highlighting its focus on identity as a process. Ideas about what constitutes ‘collective identity’ are then examined. From this, two particular models of collective identity are presented which are helpful for understanding cultural identities. These are the more ‘traditional’ notion of collective culture being evidenced by the presence of shared histories and traditions, and the more social constructionist view of collective processes and action to form identities – whether imposed by the state or generated by the people – as constitutive of identities in themselves. ‘European identity’, and then ‘European social work identity’, will then be examined using these models of collective identity. The paper concludes that using social constructionist versions of identity (identity as a process of collectivisation), European social work identity can certainly be established.     

欧洲思想家对中国法律文化的认识

欧洲思想家主要对中国的专制主义制度及其刑罚、法律与道德的结合、中国衰落的原因进行了分析。尽管认识对象相同 ,但其所持观点和得出的结论又使他们分成两派。批判派认为中国政府的形式必然是专制主义 ,把法律与道德混在一起是极大的错误 ;辩护派则坚持与任何其他政府相比中国更接近于理想模式 ,中国人正是依靠道德政治获得了成功。需要注意的是 ,他们不约而同地提出个性自由的缺失导致东方大帝国悲壮落伍     

欧洲的移民问题与欧洲一体化——以德国为例

在欧洲一体化的进程中 ,欧盟各成员国越来越多、不同程度地成为移民国家。今天的欧洲联盟及各成员国越来越密切关注移民问题。以德国为例 ,以德意志民族为自豪的德国也愈来愈成为移民国家 ,移民在德国经历了长时期的历史发展 ,以不同的标准为依据 ,移民被区分为多种类型。移民的大量涌入刺激了经济和社会的发展 ,但也面临着移民社会整合、教育与福利政策等一系列一体化问题 ;而全球经济一体化竞争时代的到来 ,又迫使欧盟国家不得不引进高技术人才。欧盟各国政府在对待移民问题上 ,有限制移民和积极移民两种不同的呼声和倾向。在移民的社会整合和一体化问题上 ,也有要求移民适应“主流文化”和保持开放的“多元文化”之争     

Nationalism and patriotism as determinants of European identity and attitudes towards the euro

The present study investigates national identity and European identity as determinants of attitudes towards the single European currency, the euro. It is assumed that support of the euro depends on a positive European identity which may be affected by patriotism and nationalism as different types of national identity. Sentimental and instrumental attachment to one’s own nation, and optimistic expectations about Austrian future are included as determinants of patriotism and nationalism. A sample of 318 participants completed a questionnaire. Results give evidence for impacts of national and European identity on the attitudes towards the euro.