从欧盟的发展看其联邦制方向

欧洲“煤钢共同体”的成立使统一欧洲的梦想正式付诸实践。关于欧洲走向联合的路径,大体上有两种观点：联邦主义和邦联主义。自上世纪50年代开始的“欧洲一体化”发展进程,虽不断对传统宪法学理论中宪法、国家、主权等概念及传统制宪权理论提出新的挑战,但时至今日,欧盟联邦主义的发展特色已渐趋清晰。     

康拉德·阿登纳欧洲联合的理念与实践

二战后,康拉德·阿登纳审时度势,大力提倡欧洲联合,促进了欧洲统一的理念向现实的转变。他高度重视德法关系,把法德两国之间的谅解与合作作为欧洲一体化的核心与基石,启动了早期欧洲的一体化,为其在以后的不断深化和扩大奠定了坚实的基础。     

The Contemporary Family in Poland: New Trends and Phenomena

At the beginning of the 21st century, Poland can still be examined in the context of a political and economic transformation. The building of democracy and the intentional, ongoing reshaping of the Polish economy in the direction of a market economy are exerting significant influences on a wide range of issues that are affecting contemporary life. This article examines how these changes have affected women, men, and children as members of contemporary families. The article places the transformation to a market economy and to democracy within the context of the historical economic and social forces that have affected all modern states and concludes with a discussion of the potential short and long run impact of Polands entry in the European Union.     

开启一种本源性的诗思关系——论早期尼采的悲剧文化观

早期尼采对希腊悲剧时代的文化状态作了大量的讨论.与通常关于前苏格拉底时期"哲学与诗歌"之争的解释不同,尼采关注的是希腊"悲剧艺术"和"悲剧哲学"的特性,意在探索一种本源性的艺术-哲学、诗-思关系,从而为"知识冲动"失去控制的现代文化寻找一个救治方案.     

Migration Policies and Political Cultures in Europe: A Changing Trend

This paper discusses the relationships between the migratory policies of the EU countries with more experience of immigration and their national political cultures. It focuses on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. It then looks at Italy, a relatively new country of immigration, which, with 3,000,000 legal immigrants, has become the fourth country of immigration in Europe and the first in the Mediterranean basin. In its final part it highlights the incipient process of ‘communitarisation’ of the immigration policies of EU countries in the last decade. This process, which has already entailed a significant convergence of their migratory policies, is expected to continue after the recent enlargement of the European Union.     

Talking about money: public participation and expert knowledge in the Euro referendum

This paper uses the proposed UK referendum on the single European currency as a means of investigating the effect of democratizing science on the scrutiny of conflicting expert advice. Although the referendum has not happened yet, and may not happen at all, the campaigners for and against the Euro have none the less been working for several years to ensure that if, and when, it does happen they are in a position to win it. By exploring how campaigners on both sides of the debate understand the concerns of voters, the paper shows how they are working towards a referendum in which the political dimensions of the Euro are actively minimized in order to avoid alienating key 'floating voters'. Instead, the campaign is expected to focus on the economic costs and benefits of the Euro for individuals and households, with only limited discussion of issues relating to sovereignty. Whether or not the campaign groups, particularly those that oppose the Euro, can maintain this line remains to be seen but if there is a full and frank public debate about the economic, social and political stakes, then this will be despite the referendum rather than because of it.     

美国与欧洲煤钢共同体的建立

舒曼计划以及由此产生的欧洲煤钢共同体,极大推动了西欧联合的进程。舒曼计划确系出自法国的主动,但它也是美国一贯敦促的结果。美国大西洋联盟的既定政策及其在西方联盟中的霸主地位,决定了它对欧洲煤钢共同体的建立产生了极大影响。     

发展模式与"卡夫丁峡谷"问题

马克思关于社会经济发展模式的叙述历来是理论界争论的焦点问题之一.东方国家是否可以跨越资本主义的"卡夫丁峡谷"实现共产主义,是一个具有"两重性"而非"定一性"的命题,列宁对跨越峡谷的发展模式予以了否定.俄国十月革命的胜利和前苏联的解体正是跨越峡谷的两重性在历史实践中的应证."卡夫丁峡谷"的论争是一种关于历史"线性"的论争,它与当前的全球化问题缠绕在一起.     

Linguistic affinity and achieved geographic mobility: evidence from the recognition of non-national social work qualifications in Ireland and the UK1

This article presents statistics from the national authorities of two EU countries responsible for the recognition of non-national social work qualifications: Ireland and the United Kingdom. This material is drawn upon in an attempt to identify the role of linguistic affinity in relation to the geographic mobility of social work graduates.     

The European Commission''s White Paper "Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy": A Review

The European Commission has proposed a radical new policy for the regulation of chemicals in the EU in the form of a White Paper. The current system has separate regulatory provisions for "new" chemicals (introduced to the market since September 18, 1981) and "existing" chemicals (on the market before September 18,1981). The proposed future policy will have a single unified regulatory system for all chemicals, which should result in better regulation of chemicals in the EU single market. It will be better because risk assessments will be targeted at the chemicals of greatest concern. Furthermore, the system will be streamlined, making regulatory decisions faster, and thus reducing the so-called burden of the past (the large number of chemicals that have never been assessed for their risks to human health or the environment). The new system incorporates the precautionary principle, which will be applied where there is an early indication of unacceptable risk or where there is undue delay in the regulatory process. Moreover, the new strategy is intended to promote greater transparency for all stakeholders.