论《里斯本条约》对欧盟参与气候变化国际谈判的影响

欧盟是气候变化国际谈判的积极参与者,取得成就的同时也存在问题。《里斯本条约》的生效有利于原有问题的解决,表现在欧盟正式取得了法律人格以欧盟名义缔结条约,提升了气候变化政策在欧盟内部的一体化程度,组织机构上也有利于欧盟更好地参与气候变化国际谈判。     

European management and European business schools: Insights from the history of business schools

This article looks at the history of business schools and identifies specific characteristics that are common to European management schools. On the basis of these characteristics, European management is subsequently defined as a cross-cultural, societal management approach based on interdisciplinary principles. In a final step, a closer look is taken at how European business schools should prepare their students for the unique European management context. It is suggested that such schools should provide courses on cross-cultural management and courses explaining the interdependencies between the private and public sector, offer students opportunities to experience other cultures over the course of their studies, and teach management from an interdisciplinary and practically-oriented perspective.     

转型视角下的欧洲联盟治理

关注欧洲治理的转型使我们面临困惑,虽然各成员国主权与管理权力的转让日渐增加。但根据国家意愿来制定政策这一原则依然显示出无限的活力。在欧洲决策中,私人利益与公共利益之间的天平似乎已向前者倾斜而对后者不利,但正是欧洲政体的特殊性质使得公共行为体得以继续存在。为了更好地理解欧洲治理的转型,采取不同的研究方法可能会有所助益。这不是指政府不同层级或不同种类的利益行为体之间权力关系的改变,而是指治理实践的变化和对治理内涵的理解。     

浅析欧盟东扩后的民族构成

欧盟东扩后,其成员国从15个增加到25个,民族构成更加复杂,潜在的民族问题也通过民族国家的形式表现得更加明显。欧洲历史上的所有民族都经历了争夺生存空间和有限资源的血腥战争,形成了单一民族为主体的国家。作为保护民族利益的政治实体,欧盟民族国家维护自身权益的行动是可以理解的。欧盟在深化体制改革和扩大势力范围的过程中,必须面对和处理好日益凸显的民族问题。     

Evaluating the injury risk associated with All-Terrain Vehicles: An application of Bayes' rule

This article discusses several technical and conceptual issues relating to the regulation of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Qualitative response models are used to analyze a survey of injured persons and a survey of the general population of users. Because the latter did not distinguish injured and noninjured persons, an application of Bayes' rule is used to make inferences about the relationship between the two injury categories, and to consistently estimate injury risk. The article concludes with a discussion of the problem of risk awareness and some policy implications.This article is based on work done while Professor Rubinfeld was a consultant to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The authors wish to thank the CPSC for its support, Steven Shavell for his encouragement, and Paul Ruud for his econometric advice and assistance. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and not of the CPSC.     

Welfare and the unemployment crisis: Sweden in the 1990s

In the 1990s Sweden went through a deep economic recession accompanied by a massive increase in unemployment and a rapidly growing budget deficit. The crisis had large repercussions for the welfare of many citizens and it generated cutbacks in virtually all social policy programmes. This halted a welfare-state expansion that had been going on for decades. It also caused great concern about the state of welfare of the nation. In 1999 the Swedish Government appointed a 'Welfare Commission', a team of academic researchers who were assigned the task of drawing up a balance sheet for the development of welfare in the 1990s. The Commission delivered its final report in October 2001. This article is a condensed account of one of the more central issues for the Commission; namely, how the unemployment crisis affected already socially and economically vulnerable groups. Looking at the development over the entire decade, three groups stand out as particularly disadvantaged in terms of individual welfare resources: young adults, immigrants and single mothers. The downturn for these groups was especially accentuated in terms of employment and income. Young people and immigrants trying to get into the labour market during the crisis years faced the problems of newcomers to the systems of social protection. The poor economic development for single mothers could essentially be attributed to the shortage of work in general and of full-time work in particular that followed from the unemployment crisis. As a consequence, the importance of selective benefits increased and the relative size of all public transfers – despite rationing measures – stayed fairly unchanged. The results highlight the great influence of macroeconomic conditions and policy making for the welfare of vulnerable groups in society.     

略论欧美法治传统及其历史变迁

欧美国家人治与法治斗争的历史,法治的确立和发展的历史,反复证明法治是一种能够平衡国家治理的需要与公民权利保障的最佳途径.欧美政治文化中深厚的法治观念和理想一直在随着时代的变迁而发展,法治由最初单纯的治国工具演变成了包含丰富人权内涵的政治理念、制度模式和社会实践,并涌现出了各种不同的具体法治形态,为世界政治文明的发展做出了重要贡献.探讨欧美法治传统的变迁,对中国践行法治,发展社会主义政治文明无疑有着良好的借鉴意义.     

论欧洲联盟的行政责任及其司法救济

本文探讨欧洲联盟对行政责任的法律救济,重点论述法国始创的欧洲行政法的行政责任理论及从中衍生出来的国家赔偿原则,以及对行政作为和不作为产生的行政责任的司法审查。本文表明,一个完善的行政责任体系和有效的司法审查机制对于法治国家的建构是必不可少的。     

欧洲安全与二战后德国问题的长期化

二战后,美苏主导的雅尔塔体系代替了凡尔赛体系,欧洲安全局势发生巨大变化.虽然美苏等国占领和分裂德国消除了长期以来德国对欧洲乃至世界的安全威胁,但是,争夺德国的矛盾使美苏等国走向了危险的军事集团对峙,而两大阵营的全面冷战又使得德国问题的解决更加困难.通过将两德分别拉入各自阵营,美苏完成了对欧洲势力范围的划分,新的力量均势的建立有利于欧洲安全局势的稳定,但成为欧洲安全平衡中心却使德国的分裂长期化.     

"保险性质"期权定价模型及其应用研究

针对传统期权风险大的特点,以欧式看涨期权为基础提出一种风险小、价格低的特殊期权———"资产保险性质"期权,即期权买者出于对标的资产的保险目的,签订期权合约后,若标的资产价格上涨,期权买者将其一部分收益支付给期权卖者,以这种交易方式对传统期权产品进行改进并重新定价,从而得出"保险性质"期权及其定价公式。针对和传统期权的价格变动状况,用Excel进行了模拟比较,证明了"保险性质"期权价格低(吸引期权买者)、风险小(利于期权卖者的风险控制)的特点。"保险性质"期权产品的开发将对我国各类金融市场的建设具有现实意义。