从共同农业政策看欧共体的运行机制

欧共体共同农业政策涉及各成员国,尤其是法国、德国、英国三个欧洲大国的农产品生产、出口、进口,农产品关税、补贴等问题,因涉及各成员国的重大利益,故各成员国进行了尖锐复杂的利益博弈和协调妥协.该政策的孕育、诞生、调整,典型地展示了欧共体的运行机制:以各成员国在共同的大利益上的一致性克服它们在小利益上的矛盾性;通过成员国之间、成员国与欧共体之间的艰苦谈判,求得彼此的利益协调.这种运行机制维系了比较松散的欧共体的内部团结,促进了欧共体的发展.当然,它并不能解决欧共体内部重大和深刻的利益矛盾,也不能解决成员国内部对待欧共体的态度分歧.     

Power and its sources in the governance of global value chains: The Argentina–European Union biodiesel value chain

This paper tackles the broader question of why inequality along global value chains (GVCs) tends to remain unchallenged despite the successful upgrading and insertion of firms operating in the world-system's periphery. Because the reduction and reproduction of inequalities are both intimately connected to power relations along GVCs, such relations are at the core of my analysis. Conceptually, my theorization of power builds on recent work by Dallas, Ponte and Sturgeon, which has sought to more systematically theorize and account for the multidimensional nature of power, and complements it with key insights drawn from World-Systems theory. Empirically, this paper analyses the biodiesel GVC between Argentina and the European Union, a case in which the successful economic upgrading and enhanced competitiveness of biodiesel producers in Argentina fail to overturn their subordinated position vis-à-vis European producers and traders.