证据损害理论：潜伏性毒物致害侵权诉讼中的可选择理论

在潜伏性毒物致害侵权诉讼中,由于经历时间久远、证据缺失以及造成损害结果的事实不确定等因素,对诉讼裁判的准确性造成极大困难。不确定性的存在以及后来法庭无法对事实进行裁定,有时是由于当事人的不当行为所致。这些不当行为人才应该对案件事实的不确定性以及相应的致错风险承担责任。是否应该让这些当事人承担这种证据损害的责任、其法律标准应该如何设置以及对于那些遭受证据损害者法律应该给予他们何种救济都是这种特殊侵权诉讼中可选择理论———证据损害理论所要探讨的重大议题。     

中国近代思想史上的“强力政府论”:激进乎?保守乎?——基于梁启超、孙中山相关思想的考察

梁启超、孙中山的政治态度和思想主张虽有很多差异,但在政府问题上的主张却惊人的一致。基于国民程度低下等原因,梁启超在肯定政府之事业当渐次轻减的同时,强调适宜于当下的善政府必须是一个权力高度集中的强有力的政府。孙中山在重新界定人民与政府之间关系的基础上,提出只有主人(人民)真心诚意地将治权交与仆人(政府),才能打造出一个理想的万能政府。梁启超、孙中山的强力政府论在论证逻辑上虽有明显的不同,但却兼具保守与激进的思想特色。这种情形印证了中国近代思想史上的所谓保守与激进实质上是一种相当复杂的思想谱系。     

Tax evasion and emotions: An empirical test of re-integrative shaming theory

Shaming can be either of two types, shaming that becomes stigmatization of the offender and favors his exclusion from the community, or shaming that is followed by forgiveness and reintegration of the deviant. Here we test experimentally these aspects of shaming theory with a repeated tax-payment game, in which the shaming “ritual” consisted of displaying the evader’s picture in addition to charging monetary sanctions. Results show that when cheating is made public and the contravener is not successively reintegrated, the total amount of cheating is significantly increased compared to when cheating is made public but publicity is immediately followed by reintegration. The former condition is associated with more intense negative emotions related to cheating. This suggests that the employment of a social shaming mechanism may be an effective, albeit very sensitive, tool in the hands of policy makers.     

The Generalized Pascal Triangle and the Matrix Variate Jensen-Logistic Distribution

This article defines the so called Generalized Matrix Variate Jensen-Logistic distribution. The relevant applications of this class of distributions in Configuration Shape Theory consist of a more efficient computation, supported by the corresponding inference. This demands the solution of two important problems: (1) the development of analytical and efficient formulae for their k-th derivatives and (2) the use of the derivatives to transform the configuration density into a polynomial density under some special matrix Kummer relation, indexed in this case by the Jensen-Logistic kernel. In this article, we solve these problems by deriving a simple formula for the k-th derivative of the density function, avoiding the usual partition theory framework and using a generalization of Pascal triangles. Then we apply the results by obtaining the associated Jensen-Logistic Kummer relations and the configuration polynomial density in the setting of Statistical Shape Theory.     

现代科学技术发展之哲学思考

现代科学技术的发展 ,尤其是信息技术、生物技术和新材料技术发展十分迅猛 ,而控制论、信息论和系统论又为现代科学技术的发展提供了崭新的思想和方法 ,推动了各门边缘学科和综合性学科的发展 ,并随着人类认识功能的深化 ,以及科学研究方法的不断完善 ,越来越深刻地反映着大自然、人类和社会的真实图景。     

A note on nonlinear regression for the autoregressive moving average with non-hd errors

Estimation by nonlinear regression of the parameters for the stationary and invertible autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model with mixing or martingale difference errors is considered. Simple proofs of consistency and asymptotic normality for the nonlinear least squares estimator are given by exploiting results from nonlinear estimation theory and mixing and mixingale theory.     

Practices and Flows of Digital Photography: An Ethnographic Framework

This article develops a methodological framework for undertaking empirical studies of practices and flows, of doings and circulations, of digital tourist photography. The article outlines what might be termed a non‐representational approach to photography concerned with affordances, actor‐networks, hybridized practices and networked flows of photographs. The article falls in three parts. It begins with rethinking photography theory. Traditional dualisms between affordance and practice are challenged, and photography is conceptualized as a hybridized, embodied performance. How digital photography changes photography's traditional affordances is then discussed. The third part discusses various methods to describe how affordances of digital tourist photography are used, twisted and resisted in concrete hybridized practices. I suggest undertaking multi‐sided ethnographies with ‘busy photographers’ to craft non‐representational accounts of mobile practices of photographing and flows of photographic images across various sites and actor‐networks. In a broader sense, this article is a methodological contribution to ‘the new mobilities paradigm’.     

Interdisciplinary Applications: Providing a Past for “Bodies That Matter”: Judith Butler's Impact on the Archaeology of Gender

Recent archeological work on gender and sexuality has drawn on Judith Butler's discussions of abjection and gender performance in ways that promise to contribute to explicating these concepts. Representations of the past have the potential to lend the illusion of time depth, and thus cultural legitimacy, to contemporary social phenomena. Initially, feminist scholarship in archaeology did not critically interrogate gender. Consequently, it could be used to reinforce static, natural, and binary representations of gender in reconstructions of the past and their use in conservative ways in the present. Recently, some archaeologists have begun to focus on the regulatory modes through which gender was produced and reproduced in prehistoric communities. Archaeological work has been especially successful in examining the material dimensions of gender performance, thus addressing one of the repeated criticisms of this concept. The authors of this essay provide an overview of this recent archaeological writing with an emphasis on the ways it draws on, critiques, and extends the work of Judith Butler.     

论“与时俱进”的理论内涵

江泽民同志在"七一"讲话中指出:与时俱进是马克思主义的理论品质。这一科学论断既是对马克思主义科学性的新概括,更是对其理论创新的实质要求。它强调了坚持、运用和发展马克思主义一定要以变化着的社会实践为根本价值参照;一定要敢于和善于解放自己、否定自己;强调了理论创新的基本原则是求立性、升级性和单维指向性。     

正确把握"毛泽东思想概论"课与"邓小平理论概论"课的关系

正确把握“毛泽东思想概论”与“邓小平理论概论”两门课的关系 ,应做到以下几点 :第一 ,正确认识毛泽东思想与邓小平理论的关系 ,毛泽东思想与邓小平理论是马克思主义与中国革命实际相结合的两大理论成果 ,各有自己的特色 ,不能扬一抑一。第二 ,教学中应讲清两者之间的内在联系 ,处理好两门课内容的衔接。第三 ,担任两门课的教师可以互兼。两门课互兼可以收到互补、互通、互证的效果