纸质目录：先一步的消亡

本文是中国冶金教育学会教育科学研究规划课题“中国大陆图书馆采访信息源（目录）实证研究”研究成果之一。本文通过论述目录产生条件的变化而引起的目录变化,论述了纸质目录将先纸质文献一步,被数字化目录代替,并通过实证研究验证之。     

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chlamydia/Gonorrhea Testing Among Heterosexual College Students: Who Is Getting Tested and Why Do Some Not?

Abstract

Objective: This study explored college students’ reported history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chlamydia/gonorrhea and characteristics of students reporting testing. Additionally, it assessed their motivation regarding future testing and reasons for lack of motivation. Participants: The sample consisted of 292 sexually experienced college students self-identifying as heterosexual at a midwestern university. Methods: Participants completed a 26-item survey during the 2010–2011 academic year. Results: Demographics (sex, age, race/ethnicity), behaviors (higher numbers of sex partners, currently not using condoms), and motivation for future testing distinguished those who had been tested ever and those who had not. Half of participants were not motivated to seek testing in the next 3 months; the most common reason for no motivation being perceived lack of risk. Conclusions: Interventions promoting testing can use these findings to target those likely to never have been tested. These results also highlight the need to find ways to motivate students to get tested.     

Attachment insecurities and under-commitment in distressed couples: The role of positive and negative partner behaviors

Research has rarely considered intermediate variables in the association between attachment insecurities and relationship commitment. Based on attachment theory and Rusbult's Investment Model, we tested whether positive and negative partner behaviors explain this association in 91 distressed couples undergoing therapy. Path analyses based on the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model revealed that individuals with attachment avoidance reported perceiving fewer positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated with their own higher under-commitment. Partners of individuals with avoidance also reported perceiving fewer positive partner behaviors, which was in turn associated with their own higher under-commitment. Partners of individuals with attachment anxiety perceived more positive behaviors from their partner, which was associated to their own lower under-commitment. Perceived negative partner behaviors were only directly associated with higher under-commitment. These findings imply that perceived positive partner behaviors may be a key aspect to target in relationship therapy in couples who present with high attachment insecurities.     

Latent class analysis of response inconsistencies across modes of data collection

Latent class analysis (LCA) has been hailed as a promising technique for studying measurement errors in surveys, because the models produce estimates of the error rates associated with a given question. Still, the issue arises as to how accurate these error estimates are and under what circumstances they can be relied on. Skeptics argue that latent class models can understate the true error rates and at least one paper (Kreuter et al., 2008) demonstrates such underestimation empirically. We applied latent class models to data from two waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), focusing on a pair of similar items about abortion that are administered under different modes of data collection. The first item is administered by computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI); the second, by audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). Evidence shows that abortions are underreported in the NSFG and the conventional wisdom is that ACASI item yields fewer false negatives than the CAPI item. To evaluate these items, we made assumptions about the error rates within various subgroups of the population; these assumptions were needed to achieve an identifiable LCA model. Because there are external data available on the actual prevalence of abortion (by subgroup), we were able to form subgroups for which the identifying restrictions were likely to be (approximately) met and other subgroups for which the assumptions were likely to be violated. We also ran more complex models that took potential heterogeneity within subgroups into account. Most of the models yielded implausibly low error rates, supporting the argument that, under specific conditions, LCA models underestimate the error rates.     

Partial deconvolution estimation in nonparametric regression

In this article, we propose a class of partial deconvolution kernel estimators for the nonparametric regression function when some covariates are measured with error and some are not. The estimation procedure combines the classical kernel methodology and the deconvolution kernel technique. According to whether the measurement error is ordinarily smooth or supersmooth, we establish the optimal local and global convergence rates for these proposed estimators, and the optimal bandwidths are also identified. Furthermore, lower bounds for the convergence rates of all possible estimators for the nonparametric regression functions are developed. It is shown that, in both the super and ordinarily smooth cases, the convergence rates of the proposed partial deconvolution kernel estimators attain the lower bound. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 535–560; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada     

Bayesian two-stage design for drug screening trials with switching hypothesis tests based on continuous endpoints

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian two-stage design with changing hypothesis test by bridging a single-arm study and a double-arm randomized trial in one phase II clinical trial based on continuous endpoints rather than binary endpoints. We have also calibrated with respect to frequentist and Bayesian error rates. The proposed design minimizes the Bayesian expected sample size if the new candidate has low or high efficacy activity subject to the constraint upon error rates in both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. Tables of designs for various combinations of design parameters are also provided.     

The impact of Multiple Mini Interviews on the attrition and academic outcomes of midwifery students

BackgroundAdmission to the Bachelor of Midwifery (BMid) in Australia has traditionally been based on academic ranking. The BMid is a high demand course offered to a limited number of students and therefore choosing applicants who complete the degree is important. Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) are used to assess non-cognitive skills and select students into healthcare degrees. One university in Australia has introduced MMIs as part of the application process for the BMid.AimCompare attrition rates and Grade Point Average (GPA) scores between students admitted into the BMid using both academic ranking and MMIs, to those admitted on academic ranking alone.MethodsA basic convergent mixed methods design, using an explanatory unidirectional framework to integrate data. Attrition rates, GPA, and multiple mini interview scores (2013–2019), were linked and compared for before and after the use of MMI’s. Focus groups with students, interviewers, and hospital-based educators, explored stakeholder experiences. Open-ended questions from an applicant survey were added to the qualitative data set, which was analysed thematically.FindingsStudents who enrolled via the MMI’s had significantly lower attrition rates than those enrolled before MMI’s were introduced. GPA scores were significantly higher for students who enrolled via the MMI’s. Integration of data found MMI’s identified students passionate to undertake midwifery, and that success at the interviews increased students’ confidence to successfully complete their studies.ConclusionMMI’s as part of the entry process into the BMid enabled identification of applicants more likely to remain in the course and succeed in their studies.     

加息对个人金融消费的影响

传统意义上而言,中央银行的加息行为将会导致银行存款增多,贷款投放量减少,社会投资和消费也减少,市场上的商品逐步出现供过于求,经济会降温。但从微观主体行为来看,加息对个人金融消费的影响是多方面的：居民储蓄、个人贷款、股市投资、理财产品认购等行为都会发生相应的改变,加息并不是简单地对居民储蓄行为、投资或消费类行为产生积极或消极的影响,而是有一定的期限限制。同时,连续加息的举措会不断提升人们的金融消费理念和层次,改变投资和消费观念,促进个体在不同经济形势下保有财富,变换促使资产增值的金融消费策略,因此长期来看,加息对个人金融消费特别是合理消费也有着正面的影响。     

论文化重建中的宗教问题

在我们时下进行的文化重建中,必须特别注意宗教的问题。首先要正确认识宗教在传统文化中的位置,看到以佛教、道教等为内容的宗教因素构成了传统文化的重要内涵。其次,要正确认识马克思、恩格斯的一系列关于宗教批判的论述,因为只有当理论上认识清楚以后,才能科学地分析宗教问题,积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应,使社会主义中国的新文化体系中也有宗教的正常位置。第三,宗教作为一种文化形态,在中国呈现出种种复杂的局面,所以在文化重建过程中必须遵循"积极引导"的思想,充分发挥其积极作用。     

试论北上海战略对苏中苏北的带动作用

崇启海地区滨江临海 ,区位优势十分明显。将崇启海地区建成北上海 ,既能满足上海建设圈的中心城市对发展空间和自然资源的要求 ,又能带动长江三角洲新的飞跃 ,提升苏中苏北的战略地位和投资效益 ,使苏中苏北成为上海的产业转移基地和资源供应基地。崇启海地区可建设上海的江北新城 ,包括港口、海洋公园、国际工业园、生态旅游带、万国居住区等 ,成为上海国际大都市的重要组成部分