需求取向社区贫困家庭志愿服务的探索

贫困救助是我国社会服务的永恒主题,城市最低生活保障制度和农村五保制度为解决贫困问题提供了制度保障。但是,贫困是一个复杂的持续性的社会问题,社会保障政策的公共性与弹性要求以及社会的不断变迁,使得贫困救助需求的差异性和变化性难以得到有效满足。社区志愿服务以其贴近居民生活的服务特点,可以有效地填补社会救助政策的漏洞。本文描述了社区贫困家庭的现状及其特点,揭示了当前社区服务和社会政策存在的缝隙;立足社区贫困家庭的需要,提出了社区贫困家庭志愿服务应该提供的主要服务内容,寄望建设一个符合中国社会文化情境和具体家庭需求的社区贫困家庭志愿服务。     

家庭保障在我国农村社会保障中的地位和作用研究

家庭是人类自古以来形成的最基本的社会生活单位,在中国的历史长河中始终扮演着十分重要的角色,尤其在保障家庭成员的养老、医疗、生育、精神慰籍等方面以及对于社会的安定和发展方面都发挥了十分重要的作用。在目前社会保障制度化发展过程中,家庭保障也对正式的社会保障制度起到了重要的补充作用,在建立和完善农村社会保障体系过程中,其地位和作用更是值得重视。     

生育政策调整及其风险规避

现行生育政策对遏制中国人口过快增长作出了历史性贡献,但是政策本身具有阶段性和局限性,不宜长期实行,否则会因下一代人口的过快衰减而影响家庭、社会甚至国防安全。为了让公民满足在生育上的刚性需求和实现平等的生育权利以及降低政策的负面影响,建议将现行生育政策调整为全国统一的“补偿一孩,允许二孩,控制三孩”,并将这一政策延续到2033年前后。调整生育政策可能会出现生育率波动、推迟和抬高人口峰值、计划生育工作滑坡、独生子女家庭总负担加重、人口与资源生态环境关系更加紧张等风险,需要切实规避。     

Life Course Perspectives on the Links Between Poverty and Obesity During the Transition to Young Adulthood

Increasing obesity among Americans is a serious issue in the US, especially in the pediatric and young adult population. We use a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between childhood poverty/welfare receipt and obesity onset and continuity from adolescence into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We include multiple measures of disadvantage that co-occur with poverty and model potential mediating mechanisms within a life course framework. We find a significant effect of poverty/welfare receipt in childhood on obesity outcomes for females, but not for males. However, other measures of socioeconomic disadvantage such as neighborhood poverty, and low parental education are related to obesity in both males and females. Poverty may impact female obesity through the mediating effects of physical activity, inadequate sleep, skipping breakfast and certain forms of parental monitoring, while race is an important confounder of poverty’s influence. This paper highlights the important influence of poverty and other aspects of social disadvantage on obesity outcomes during this critical transition to adulthood. Implications of this research include physical activity and parenting interventions for low-income youth. In addition, governmental efforts should be made to increase physical activity opportunities in poor neighborhoods.

Quality_Family Deployment: A New Perspective in Determining Priority Importance for Improving Work Performance in Organization

Determining priority importance is a matter of concerns among the organization to improve their performance. One of the important aspects that should be considered by the organization is management of human resources, comprising of members who have their own family life. In this paper, we deliver a new perspective for organization to provide priority importance for their members with respect to family matters in order to inculcate the sense of belonging in the organization. To be effective in considering family matters in the organizational policy making, closer look of family characteristics are required. The idea of translating several family characteristics as quality variables and applying the quality function deployment (QFD) method to these variables could present a new way of improving the decision making in the organization by considering the process of decision in the family. Quality function deployment for family (QFDF) produces a friendly interpretation of a highly complex and intangible matters around family life; thus, making the assessment of a family easier. QFD is applied on the data gathered from a questionnaire survey based on 1,213 families in West Malaysia, Malaysia. Twelve variables are identified as voice of family, where seven of them are found to have the highest priority of importance. These variables could also be translated into quality variables in the context of organization, the strategy of improvement for the family could be interpreted as strategy for improvement in the organization. Furthermore, the results of this study provide suggestion to improve actions for managing human resource. In the discussion, three most high ranked variables from both perspectives of family and organization are considered.     

农村女性流动打工经历对其家庭经济地位的影响

本文利用调查数据,对是否外出打工及不同类型打工地的农村女性家庭经济地位差异进行对比,考查在资源因素与文化规范变迁的多重影响下,不同的打工经历对农村女性家庭经济地位的影响及其发展变化。     

上海市人口老龄化：现状、影响及对策思考

人口老龄化已成为当今世界各国经济发展过程面临的共同性话题,就上海而言．未来上海市人口老龄化带来的影响已逐渐凸显,人口老龄化带来的养老金匮乏,劳动力不足以及社区为老服务发展滞后的矛盾已开始成为制约上海市经济发展的瓶颈,老龄化带来的影响将在未来很长一段时间内长期存在．缓解人口老龄化带来的影响以及寻求可行性办法解决老龄化人口的赡养问题已成为政府和社会必须要解决的问题。     

侦诉一体化：我国检警关系之重塑

检警关系是刑事诉讼关系的基本内容之一,定位准确、线条流畅的检警关系对于诉讼机制的协调运作具有重要意义。然而,长期以来,我国在配合制约原则指导下构建的检警配合制约模式,却导致了我国检警关系的错位。我国应当在借鉴国外处理检警关系的经验基础上,以侦诉一体化为目标模式,对我国检警关系予以重构。     

“亲亲相隐”孰之权利

“亲亲相隐”是中国古代法律制度中规定的一项义务,其对应的是被容隐的权利,当代西方法律制度中的拒绝作证权是公民的一项基本权利,其对应的是国家不得强迫公民来证明其亲属有罪的义务,两者有着本质的区别,亲亲相隐不能适用于当代法律制度。     

心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者家属心理障碍的作用

目的分析恶性肿瘤患者家属焦虑、抑郁状态的形成因素及心理干预对其的影响。方法对105名晚期恶性肿瘤患者家属根据其焦虑或抑郁症状给予心理干预,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评其治疗前后的症状变化。结果心理干预前后SAS分别为59.16±4.11、45.35±3.25(t=27.08,P<0.05),SDS分别为54.13±3.67、47.95±2.21(t=15.07,P<0.05),治疗后评定分值较治疗前明显下降,治疗后症状减轻。结论焦虑和抑郁症状是晚期恶性肿瘤患者家属不可忽视的心理问题,应引起医学界的重视。心理干预能够明显改善焦虑和抑郁症状。