Assessing accuracy of a continuous screening test in the presence of verification bias

Summary.  In studies to assess the accuracy of a screening test, often definitive disease assessment is too invasive or expensive to be ascertained on all the study subjects. Although it may be more ethical or cost effective to ascertain the true disease status with a higher rate in study subjects where the screening test or additional information is suggestive of disease, estimates of accuracy can be biased in a study with such a design. This bias is known as verification bias. Verification bias correction methods that accommodate screening tests with binary or ordinal responses have been developed; however, no verification bias correction methods exist for tests with continuous results. We propose and compare imputation and reweighting bias-corrected estimators of true and false positive rates, receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for continuous tests. Distribution theory and simulation studies are used to compare the proposed estimators with respect to bias, relative efficiency and robustness to model misspecification. The bias correction estimators proposed are applied to data from a study of screening tests for neonatal hearing loss.     

娱乐类文本短信的语用分析

本文选取娱乐类文本短信,试用指示语、预设、言语行为、会话含义、礼貌原则、关联理论等语用学的基本理论来分析它,旨在探究语用规律和娱乐类文本短信的关系,以期对语言交际和语言教学有所启发和指导。     

后现代主义生态观与技术创新活动的价值转向

后现代主义生态观是后现代主义理论体系的亮点,代表了一种人类对自然更为深刻的理解方式。传统技术创新活动核心追求的是经济价值,但在后现代主义生态观的影响下,技术创新有必要实行价值转向追求技术创新活动的生态价值;用经济学以外的其他学科尤其是对人与自然实行整体关怀的哲学来关注技术创新活动已经是一件迫在眉睫的事情。在以生态价值为取向的技术创新活动中,我们需要将技术创新活动终端从市场扩展到生态环境。为此,在理论与实践层面上,需要提出多种措施来推动我国企业技术创新活动的生态价值转向。     

刑法溯及力原则立法上的缺失——兼论中间时法的生存之理

<中华人民共和国刑法>对溯及力问题作了从旧兼从轻的原则性规定,这是我国刑法向科学化、民主化方向发展的重要表现,然而刑法在其动态运行中又产生了中间时法的问题.本文通过对中间时法的产生及其机理的分析,并结合中间时法在我国实践中的作用,探讨了刑法对中间时法效力亟待完善的问题.     

Social Stratification and the Division of Household Labor in Japan: The Effect of Wives' Work on the Division of Labor among Dual-earner Families

Abstract:  This article explores the relationship between social stratification and the division of household labor by examining how the contribution to housework by husbands in dual-earner families varies across the Japanese social stratification structure. First, I review previous studies concerning the determinants of husbands' participation in housework and construct four hypotheses regarding the relative resources explanation, the time constraints explanation, the ideology/sex role explanation, and the alternative manpower explanation. Second, I examine the empirical support for these hypotheses in dual-earner couples and the effect of social stratification on husband's participation in housework, which has not been studied thus far. Third, I investigate the effect of social stratification in more detail. According to the results of TOBIT regressions and other supplementary analyses, the principal findings are as follows:

• 1) 

  the relative resources explanation is not supported;

       

学分制下激发大学生英语学习动机的思考

高校实行学分制之后,大学英语成绩的考核由考查改为考试,从而促进了大学公共英语课程的教与学,然而这种以考试为中心的模式并不能持续激发学生的学习动机.英语学习中,兴趣和动机等情感因素起着极大的作用,因此,在学分制的管理下,充分发展选修课,安排多样化课程,课堂组织以学生为中心,充分利用现代化教学设施,不仅有利于学生英语学习兴趣的培养,而且可以更好地调动学生学习的积极性及发挥学生学习的主动性,从而提高学生综合应用英语的能力.     

西南科技大学岗位聘任制和岗位津贴制的改革与探索

为适应事业单位试行人员聘用的需要,更为学校适应新形势发展的需要,西南科技大学以全员聘用和岗位聘任为突破口,实行了人事分配制度改革,建立了“以岗定酬”的岗位津贴制。通过对学校人事分配制度改革的思路和具体做法的介绍,以进一步完善和推行全员聘任制。     

民族地区县级政府竞争：路径选择与制度安排

我国地方政府竞争的趋势将愈演愈烈,地方政府竞争带来了不同的竞争效应。文章对地方政府竞争模型的反思入手,分析了民族地区政府竞争的特征和存在问题的基础上,提出了民族地区提升政府竞争力的路径选择:以提升制度竞争力为先,推进市场、产品等要素建设;并对民族地区政府竞争提出相应的制度和政策安排。     

A Two-dimensional Heat Transfer Model for Atmosphere-land System in the Lake-dominated Alaskan Arctic

1 Introduction Shallow tundra lakes are one of the dominating landscape features in the Alaskan Arctic. They typically cover 20% of the total area of the North Slope of Alaska, and up to about 40% in the coastal plain [1,2]. Many lakes are, in their entirety or in part, shallower than the maximum annual ice thickness, consequently, some ice freezes completely to the lake bottom, nevertheless, large areas of water are deeper than the maximum ice thickness and the ice remains afloat througho…     

Fuzzy K-means clustering models for triangular fuzzy time trajectories

We focus our attention on the classification of fuzzy time trajectories with triangular membership function, described by a given set of individuals. To this purpose, we adopt a fullyinformational approach, explicitly recognizing the informational nature shared by the ingredients of the classification procedure: the observed data (Empirical Information) and the classification model (Theoretical Information). In particular, by supposing that the informational paradigm has a fuzzy nature, we suggest three fuzzy clustering models allowing the classification of the triangular fuzzy time trajectories, based on the analysis of the cross sectional and/or longitudinal characteristics of their components (centers and spreads). Two applicative examples are illustrated.