论君特·格拉斯小说的怪诞风格

怪诞既是君特·格拉斯小说的一大艺术特色,也令其晦涩难懂。文章以格拉斯的几部代表作为例,对格拉斯小说中怪诞的体现形式进行分析梳理,并对其作用和意义进行归纳总结,以探寻格拉斯的创作理念和美学思想。     

Some properties of tests for parameters that can be arbitrarily close to being unidentified

Confidence intervals for parameters that can be arbitrarily close to being unidentified are unbounded with positive probability [e.g. Dufour, J.-M., 1997. Some impossibility theorems in econometrics with applications to instrumental variables and dynamic models. Econometrica 65, 1365–1388; Pfanzagl, J. 1998. The nonexistence of confidence sets for discontinuous functionals. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 75, 9–20], and the asymptotic risks of their estimators are unbounded [Pötscher, B.M., 2002. Lower risk bounds and properties of confidence sets for ill-posed estimation problems with applications to spectral density and persistence estimation, unit roots, and estimation of long memory parameters. Econometrica 70, 1035–1065]. We extend these “impossibility results” and show that all tests of size α concerning parameters that can be arbitrarily close to being unidentified have power that can be as small as α for any sample size even if the null and the alternative hypotheses are not adjacent. The results are proved for a very general framework that contains commonly used models.     

On the incidence–prevalence relation and length‐biased sampling

For many diseases, logistic constraints render large incidence studies difficult to carry out. This becomes a drawback, particularly when a new study is needed each time the incidence rate is investigated in a new population. By carrying out a prevalent cohort study with follow‐up it is possible to estimate the incidence rate if it is constant. The authors derive the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the overall incidence rate, λ, as well as age‐specific incidence rates, by exploiting the epidemiologic relationship, (prevalence odds) = (incidence rate) × (mean duration) (P/[1 ? P] = λ × µ). The authors establish the asymptotic distributions of the MLEs and provide approximate confidence intervals for the parameters. Moreover, the MLE of λ is asymptotically most efficient and is the natural estimator obtained by substituting the marginal maximum likelihood estimators for P and µ into P/[1 ? P] = λ × µ. Following‐up the subjects allows the authors to develop these widely applicable procedures. The authors apply their methods to data collected as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Ageing to estimate the incidence rate of dementia amongst elderly Canadians. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Nonparametric estimation of the shape function in a Gamma process for degradation data

The author considers estimation under a Gamma process model for degradation data. The setting for degradation data is one in which n independent units, each with a Gamma process with a common shape function and scale parameter, are observed at several possibly different times. Covariates can be incorporated into the model by taking the scale parameter as a function of the covariates. The author proposes using the maximum pseudo‐likelihood method to estimate the unknown parameters. The method requires usage of the Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm. Asymptotic properties, including consistency, convergence rate and asymptotic distribution, are established. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the method and its application is illustrated by using bridge beams data and carbon‐film resistors data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 102‐118; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Normal approximation to the hypergeometric distribution in nonstandard cases and a sub-Gaussian Berry–Esseen theorem

In this paper, we consider simple random sampling without replacement from a dichotomous finite population. We investigate accuracy of the Normal approximation to the Hypergeometric probabilities for a wide range of parameter values, including the nonstandard cases where the sampling fraction tends to one and where the proportion of the objects of interest in the population tends to the boundary values, zero and one. We establish a non-uniform Berry–Esseen theorem for the Hypergeometric distribution which shows that in the nonstandard cases, the rate of Normal approximation to the Hypergeometric distribution can be considerably slower than the rate of Normal approximation to the Binomial distribution. We also report results from a moderately large numerical study and provide some guidelines for using the Normal approximation to the Hypergeometric distribution in finite samples.     

Approximation of the distribution of excesses through a generalized probability-weighted moments method

The POT (peaks-over-threshold) approach consists in using the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to approximate the distribution of excesses over a threshold. In this paper, we consider this approximation using a generalized probability-weighted moments (GPWM) method. We study the asymptotic behaviour of our new estimators and also the functional bias of the GPD as an estimate of the distribution function of the excesses. A simulation study is provided in order to appreciate the efficiency of our approach.     

黄山绞股兰对赡蜍体心脏的作用

蟾蜍离体心脏灌流实验表明:黄山采集的绞股兰、绞股兰茶剂、生晒参在低浓度时均能增加蟾蜍离体心脏的收缩振幅。其作用为:黄山绞股兰>生晒参>绞股兰茶剂,其后作用也以黄山绞股兰最强。高浓度时均能抑制心脏的搏动,使心脏停止于收缩状态,更换任氏液后心脏的搏动可以恢复。三种药物均对心率无明显的影响。     

无线视频服务器在ADSP-BF5614的研究与实现

通过对视频服务器相关资料的研究,提出了一种基于ADI公司专用DSP芯片ADSP-BF561的无线视频服务器的解决方案。硬件设计采用SAA7113芯片完成输入视频A/D转换,以ADSP-BF561芯片为核心硬件平台实现视频压缩编码,利用相应外围设备实现网络控制和传输。该方案由于使用了H.264视频编码标准、G729音频编码标准和基于CDMA1X无线网络技术的CDMA无线网络作为音视频数据的传输途径,具有良好的稳定性和可实现性。     

On the detection of changes in autoregressive time series I. Asymptotics

Various test statistics are discussed which can be used for detecting changes in the parameters of an autoregressive time series. In this first part of our study, the limiting behavior of the test statistics is derived under the null hypothesis of no change as well as under alternatives. In a forthcoming second part of our investigation, these asymptotic results will be compared to some corresponding bootstrap procedures, and a small simulation study will be conducted.     

热奈特的类文本理论及其效应

杰拉德·热奈特的类文本理论受到中西方学界的关注与重视,一些学者对该理论进行了一定的补充和修正工作,也有不少学者将其用于文学研究。类文本理论视阈下,文学研究的对象为环绕于文本边缘的类文本要素,如作者的署名、序言、献词、题记、版权页信息等。将作者重新纳入批评视野,类文本理论有效修正了文本理论将文本与作者相割裂的不当做法;将出版商引入批评框架,类文本理论不仅拓展了传统文学批评体系,还起到限制读者过度阐释的目的。同时,类文本理论促进了叙事学的进一步发展,使文学研究从文本中心走向文本边缘,并将文学的内部研究和外部研究相结合,从而推进了文学批评理论的发展。鉴于类文本与文本的互存关系,某些类文本和文本之间的界限模糊不清,它们在具备类文本属性的同时,又不乏文本的属性,而这一特性又恰恰佐证了类文本之于文本而存续的重要性。