论南宋理学家陈亮的"明"思想

南宋理学家陈亮认为道(理)是与自然和人的社会生活密切相关的,它如同"赫日当空,处处光明.闭眼之人,开眼即是",是人们可以体察、认识的客观存在."王道"、"霸道"是贯通三代和汉、唐以下各代帝王治国的指导思想,从未被"隔断"过,"王霸并用"之论是合乎历史事实的,是治国良策."义理"、"功利"是三代、汉、唐皆有的行为准则,不是对立的,而是并存的,义要体现在利上,利也就是义,"义利双行"缺一不可.帝王治国要"爱人利物"、"生民之利"、"义利双行"才能富国强兵,人民生活安定.在"成人之道"问题上,陈亮主张做人要做一个堂堂正正(即光明磊落)、"推倒一世"、"开拓万古"的"智勇"之士,作一个实事实功的英雄豪杰.陈亮对以上三大问题的观点,是他的"明"思想最直接的体现.     

广州就业人口文化素质与经济增长的定量分析

利用第四、五次人口普查资料,考察广州就业人口文化素质变动特征;建立人力资本与经济增长的关联模型,计算分析人力资本对经济增长的贡献:提出实现广州人口文化素质与经济可持续发展的对策。     

发展中大国的金融发展与经济增长——基于规模效应的分析

近年来,发展中大国在其宏观经济诸多方面均表现出强劲的上升趋势。该发展浪潮往往被归因于规模效应——凭借规模经济、范围经济和聚集经济效应等导致了生产率的提高。通过将金融发展的特征嵌入到已有的增长和规模效应理论中,可以检验发展中大国金融发展和经济增长之间的关系,分析其产出、投资、贸易以及金融之间的相互关联效应,从而把握发展中大国的总体发展趋势。在金融危机发生时,经济刺激政策更应该倾向于贸易和投资领域,而不是金融领域,也就是说,在发展中大国,金融发展对经济的刺激作用非常明显地低于贸易和投资两个最重要的实体经济领域。     

Does intergenerational mobility shape psychological distress? Sorokin revisited

Drawing from Sorokin's hypothesis that socially mobile individuals are at greater risk of experiencing psychological distress than their non-mobile counterparts, we investigate whether intergenerational occupational mobility influences psychological distress, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Using data for men from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and Sobel's Diagonal Mobility Models, we find little evidence for Sorokin's hypothesis; mobile individuals are no more likely to be psychologically distressed than their non-mobile counterparts. In fact, one group of mobile men - those who left their farming origins - are actually less distressed than the sons who remain as farmers and non-mobile men in higher-ranked social classes. We speculate that this reflects the fact that farming became very arduous during the late 20th century and these mobile sons of farmers appreciate their improved life chances. Our findings suggest that the association between mobility and psychological distress varies across specific class backgrounds and is contingent upon the broader social and economic context.     

结构转变、制度变迁下的人口红利与经济增长

已有的对人口红利影响经济增长的实证研究未将结构和制度的重大变革纳入模型,这与东亚及我国经济增长的现实不符。本文通过在模型中纳入结构转变和制度变迁变量,用1978～2008年的数据进行误差修正分析,计算出在结构转变和制度变迁的背景下,我国人口红利及各要素对经济增长的影响。结果发现,固定资产投资对我国经济增长的影响程度最大,其次是技术进步,第三是制度变迁,结构变化的影响也很显著。人口红利的影响也较显著,但是其对经济增长解释力度较小。因此随着人口红利的逐渐消失,未来的经济增长更需要依靠投资、技术进步、结构变迁和制度变革。     

Interorganizational Determinants of Environmental Purchasing: Initial Evidence from the Consumer Products Industries*

Environmental purchasing consists of the purchasing function's involvement in activities that include reduction, recycling, reuse, and substitution of materials. Despite the potentially important role that the purchasing function can play in a firm's environmental activities, little research has been performed to date that examines the factors that impact environmental purchasing. The authors develop and empirically test a theoretical model that examines how interorganizational factors both drive and constrain purchasing's involvement in environmental activities. The empirical findings suggest that environmental purchasing activities will be facilitated through increased coordination with suppliers as well as downstream members of the supply chain, including retailers. The results also suggest the need for increased coordination within the firm, particularly between the purchasing function on the inbound side and marketing and distribution functions on the outbound side.     

Outsourcing Decisions and Managerial Incentives*

An agency model is presented in which outsourcing strictly dominates in-house production. We argue that firms outsource in order to improve managerial incentives. Conditions are established under which the firm is strictly better off with outsourcing. The benefit of outsourcing, however, is constrained by the trade-off between the incremental coordination costs of outsourcing and the improved incentive structure. The optimal contract is also shown to be a function of whether or not the firm is publicly held. For a publicly held firm, the contract is constant. For a privately held supplier, the contract is likely to be of a cost-sharing type. These findings offer preliminary incentive explanations for commonly observed outsourcing practices.     

Fostering Risk Taking in Research and Development: The Importance of a Project's Terminal Value

Large firms face a conflict in managing a portfolio of high-risk projects. When an ongoing project is thought to have a low likelihood of success, project team members take risks to improve its chances of success. However, upper-level managers who allocate resources tend to withhold resources from a project with a low likelihood of success in favor of others in the portfolio that look more promising. Because this paucity of resources influences project team members to avoid risk, the total effect of success likelihood on risk taking is conflicted. The influence on risk taking of a project's terminal value—defined as the value that remains in the firm in the event of project failure—is unequivocally positive, because both senior management resource allocation and project team risk-taking propensity are encouraged by terminal value. Thus, firms can override the ambivalent effect of likelihood of success on project decision making by focusing attention on a project's terminal value.     

能源价格上涨情景下能源消费与经济波动的综合特征

 能源定价体制的改革是我国未来经济体制改革中一项非常重要、又极其紧迫的一项重大理论和实践课题,这一改革不但直接关系到我国经济增长和能源效率的提高效果,更是关乎我国经济发展转型的成败和我国未来能源安全的保障状况。通过建立CGE模型,本文研究了能源价格上涨情景下我国能源消费与经济增长的综合波动特征。主要发现如下：能源价格上涨虽然使得除进口外GDP、出口、就业等变量下降,物价水平上涨,但却能够在一定程度上降低能源强度并优化产业结构。就影响的大小而言,电力价格上涨的影响最大,石油和天然气次之,煤炭价格上涨的影响最小。从行业产出的变动来看,能源行业自身受能源价格上涨的负面冲击最大,其次是重工业,而农业、轻工业等所受的负面冲击最小。基于上述结论,我们认为,未来继续努力推进能源定价的市场化改革,是推进我国的节能降耗工作、提高经济增长效率的有效途径。     

时变空间权重矩阵面板数据模型稳健LM检验有效性研究

空间权重矩阵是描述个体间空间关系的重要工具,通常基于个体间的地理距离构造不随时间而改变的空间权重矩阵。然而,当个体间的空间关系源自经济/社会/贸易距离或人口流动性/气候等特征时,空间权重矩阵本质上可能将随时间而改变。由此,本研究提出时变空间权重矩阵面板数据模型的稳健LM检验。大量Monte Carlo模拟结果显示：从检验水平和功效角度来看,基于误设的非时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验存在较大偏差,但是基于时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验能够有效地识别面板数据中的空间关系类型。尤其是,在时间较长和个体较多等情况下,时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验功效更高。