国内工程伦理研究综述

我国学界对工程伦理的研究主要是从三个层面展开：一是工程伦理的基础理论研究,包括工程伦理的内涵、学科定位和研究目的;二是对工程实践的伦理反思,包括工程实践中的伦理冲突、工程伦理原则和实践途径;三是对具体工程伦理实践问题的伦理检视,包括工程实践中敏感行业和敏感环节以及工程引发的利益冲突等。我国的工程伦理研究具有研究理论不成熟、研究对象专业性强等特点,存在对常态工程、在建或预建工程及工程技术应用伦理思想研究较少的问题,并呈现出学科建构不断加强、定性研究与定量研究结合的趋势。     

《大学》《中庸》中“诚”哲学理论解读

《大学》《中庸》以"诚"这一概念为核心,构建出一个以"心性"哲学理论为根本、由心性修养之"内圣"而开出"修齐治平"之"外王"的道德政治哲学体系。在这一体系中,修身为治平之本,而"诚意"则为修身之要。所谓"诚意",即"毋自欺",即"率性",就是复归人皆有之之"赤子之心"和天命之性。"诚"不仅是修身之要,而且是经纶天下之大经,立天下之大本,是可以赞天地之化育,与天地并列而为三的人道之功。致"诚"明道的途径有二,即"自诚明"和"自明诚",亦即"尊德性而道问学",两者相辅相成。这一理论集中反映了战国时期儒家,尤其是思孟学派的完整世界观、人生观和价值取向。     

苏轼治水思想述论

苏轼对水利事业的重要性有着充分认识。在长期的治水过程中,他不断地增长自己的水利知识,形成了自己的水利思想。正确的水利思想是苏轼历次治水实践都能取得较好成效的重要保证。     

When People Stay and Things Make Their Way: Airports,Mobilities and Materialities of a Transnational Landscape

Abstract

This article explores different meanings of mobility and place by examining the interweaving of people, things and airports in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two airports – of departure and arrival of this migratory route – I look at the practices of sending and receiving objects by migrants in Lisbon and their kin in Bissau. The transnational yet grounded setting helps to provide a better understanding of the complexity associated with different forms of mobility – including corporeal, imagined and desired – and their key role in socially and relationally constructing a lived airport space, as well as wider social landscapes. Bringing in evidence from a less-explored setting – a small airport in a West African country – will particularly challenge some of the assumptions that tend to associate mobility with ‘modernity’ and fixity with ‘tradition’. It will show how people in Guinea-Bissau are, as much as migrants abroad, dynamically involved in global practices of movement – materialised in trading and reciprocating objects between two continents – through local performances of mobility that do not necessarily involve corporeal travel across borders.     

The city from its margins: rethinking urban governance through the everyday lives of migrant women in Johannesburg

Drawing on ethnographic data, this article explores migrant women’s relationships and encounters with the state in South Africa’s largest city, Johannesburg. Focusing on the experiences of people in this marginal location, the article re-examines the notion of ‘urban governance’, which is often understood as the realm of formal urban institutions in which the state asserts its authority and regulatory powers. Through the everyday lives of migrant women we see that local urban practices are not simply shaped by the formalism of state rules and regulations, or their informal illegal counterparts. The way migrant women navigate the city, trade on the streets, and interact with the state and other urban actors illustrates that governance is co-constructed by a multitude of regimes, legal and illegal, visible and invisible. Indeed, women’s lives collapse the dichotomy of the official and unofficial, governed and ungoverned city, in ways that allow us to rethink how we conceptualise the city.     

Intellectual spaces of practice and hope: power and culture in Portugal from the 1940s to the present

This paper examines configurations of power, authority and culture in Portugal in the twentieth century, and intellectual practices and spaces related to those configurations and in opposition to them. Portuguese national history and essentialized versions of Portugueseness are analysed in the work of such distinguished and influential intellectuals as António Sérgio, António José Saraiva and Eduardo Lourenço, in articulation with the role of high culture in the process of nation building throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. One particular structure of attitude and reference, constructed in the latter half of the nineteenth century, is foregrounded with reference to the History of Portugal by Oliveira Martins, in the context of the persistent contradictions and conflicts between progressive and conservative, modernizing and traditional, ‘historical’, formations and projects. In such a context, moments of oppositional, alternative and independent projects are worth looking into. Two decisive moments of social change in the second half of the twentieth century were the 1940s, and the late 1960s and early 1970s. The paper pays attention to the politics of culture of Neo-Realismo in the 1940s and its consequences for high and popular culture over the following decades, especially in the years leading to the democratic revolution of 25 April 1974. A brief analysis of the 1990s is articulated to the study of the change-producing projects in the 1940s and 1960s as part of the cultural studies practice the paper argues for.     

Outgrowing childhood problems: A study of the value of child guidance treatment 1

This article is a tribute to Jean Sanville, a distinctive leader in our field whose voice and vision continue to shape the practice of psychoanalysis through the lens of clinical social work. The article highlights Dr. Sanville’s professional contributions while showing her personal impact within a supervisory relationship that becomes a deep and enduring friendship.     

Hospital-Based Long-Term Care Services for the Frail Elderly

This paper examines acute care hospital diversification into long-term care services for the frail elderly. The discussion focuses on five multifaceted roles played by health care social workers as hospitals develop long-term care initiatives. The need for an advocacy stance in both macro and micro aspects of care is stressed. Ethical dilemmas that arise in hospital-based systems are presented.     

Results of a survey on research practices,completed by attendees at the third conference on research policies and quality assurance

A survey was conducted to evaluate the responses of attendees at the Third Conference on Research Policies and Quality Assurance, in May, 1993, as to their perceptions of the frequency of questionable research studies, the desirability of good research practices (GRP) guidelines, and whether all research organizations should perform routine data audits. The vast majority of respondents had suspicions or evidence of other researchers performing questionable studies. Most respondents supported the development of GRP guidelines and preferred that they not be in the form of federal regulations. Most respondents also favored routine data audits.     

Contraceptive Use Patterns Within Females' First Sexual Relationships: The Role of Relationships,Partners, and Methods

This study used the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to assess whether characteristics of females' sexual partners, relationships, and choice of contraceptive methods were associated with contraceptive use patterns within their first sexual relationship. White, Black, and Hispanic females under age 25 (N = 915) provided retrospective information on sexual activity and contraceptive use for first sexual relationships that occurred between 1991 and 1995. Females with older sexual partners and with same race/ethnicity partners (among Hispanics) had reduced odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. Longer sexual relationships were associated with higher odds of ever using contraception but lower odds of uninterrupted use. Females who were older at first sex, who used hormonal methods (among Whites), or who switched to more effective methods during their first sexual relationships had higher odds of ever using contraception and/or uninterrupted use. In contrast, switching to less effective methods during a first sexual relationship was associated with reduced odds of uninterrupted use.