An Empirical Study of the Effect of Knowledge Management Processes at Individual,Group, and Organizational Levels*

To enhance our understanding of knowledge management, this paper focuses on a specific question: How do knowledge management processes influence perceived knowledge management effectiveness? Prior literature is used to develop the research model, including hypotheses about the effects of four knowledge management processes (internalization, externalization, socialization, and combination) on perceived individual‐level, group‐level, and organizational‐level knowledge management effectiveness. The study was conducted at the John F. Kennedy Space Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using a survey of 159 individuals and two rounds of personal interviews. Structural equation modeling was performed to test measurement and structural models using the survey data. The emergent model suggests that internalization and externalization impact perceived effectiveness of individual‐level knowledge management. Socialization and combination influence perceived effectiveness of knowledge management at group and organizational levels, respectively. The results also support the expected upward impact in perceived effectiveness of knowledge management, from individual to group level, as well as from group level to organizational level. The study's limitations and implications for practice and future research are described.     

Understanding the Antecedents of Effective Knowledge Management: The Importance of a Knowledge‐Centered Culture*

Within the context of knowledge management, little research has been conducted that identifies the antecedents of a knowledge‐centered culture—those organizational qualities that encourage knowledge creation and dissemination. In this study, the existing literature on organizational climate, job characteristics, and organizational learning (in the form of cooperative learning theory) are linked with the current thinking and research findings related to knowledge management to develop a theoretical model explaining the relationships among organizational climate, the level of cooperative learning that takes place between knowledge workers, and the resulting level of knowledge created and disseminated as measured by team performance and individual satisfaction levels. The study goes on to empirically test the proposed research model by investigating the climate of organizations, and seeks to understand the linkage between a set of organizational and individual characteristics and knowledge‐related activities found in cooperative learning groups and the resulting work outcomes. The hypothesized research model is tested using LISREL with data collected from 203 information systems (IS) professionals engaged in systems development activities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications the results have for future research and managerial practice.     

差分方程x_(n+1)=(ax_(n-1))/(1+bx_nx_(n-1))的全局稳定性

研究了差分方程x_(n+1)=ax_(n-1)/1+bx_nx_(n-1),n=0,1,2,…(a,b,x-1,x0为非负实数)的全局性质,得到了方程所有正解的单调性、有界性、周期性、局部渐近稳定性和全局渐近稳定性等相关结果.     

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the End‐User Computing Satisfaction Instrument: Replication within an ERP Domain*

Over the past decade, organizations have made significant investments in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The realization of benefits from these investments depends on supporting effective use of information technology (IT) and satisfying IT users. User satisfaction with information systems is one of the most important determinants of the success of those systems. Drawing upon a sample of 407 end users of ERP systems and working within the framework of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examines the structure and dimensionality, and reliability and validity of the end‐user computing satisfaction (EUCS) instrument posited by Doll and Torkzadeh (1988) . In response to Klenke's (1992) motion to cross‐validate management information system (MIS) instruments and to retest the end user computing satisfaction instrument using new data, this study's results, consistent with previous findings, confirm that the EUCS instrument maintains its psychometric stability when applied to users of enterprise resource planning application software. Implications of these results for practice and research are provided.     

信息交流、认证知识与消费者安全食品信任评价

食品安全认证制度已成为世界各国提升食品安全水平的重要政策工具.基于山东省济南等城市的实地调查,研究了消费者对无公害食品、绿色食品及有机食品等安全食品的信任评价,并运用结构方程模型考察了主要影响因素.研究发现,个体特征、认证知识和信息交流对消费者信任影响显著,且信任对购买意愿的积极影响得以验证,但食品安全意识对消费者信任的影响并不显著.促进信息交流,提高消费者认证知识,可有效提升消费者信任.     

转型期社会信任的影响机制——市场化、个人资本与社会交往因素探讨

本文利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2005年的数据,基于因子分析将社会信任区分为强社会联系、一般社会联系和弱社会联系三个不同维度的信任,通过结构方程模型考察了市场化、个人资本与社会交往对社会信任的影响机制。研究结果表明,个人资本对上述三个维度的信任均没有显著影响,这否定了王绍光等人的新理性解释模型,说明信任不是个体层面的问题,而是社会层面的问题。市场化对强社会联系的信任没有影响,但是对一般社会联系和弱社会联系的信任均有显著的影响,但信任度提高不大。这说明市场化扩大了人际信任的范围,有利于提高整体社会的信任度。研究结果还表明,无论是熟人间的社会交往还是社团性的社会交往对社会信任都有显著的影响,且影响较大,这表明社会信任正是在社会互动中生产出来的。人际交往的范围扩大和频率增加,有望提高整体社会的信任度。     

Simultaneous Equation Model based on the generalized maximum entropy for studying the effect of management factors on enterprise performance

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of management factors on enterprise performance, considering a survey that the University Consortium in Engineering for Quality and Innovation has led. The relationships between management factors and enterprise performance are formalized by a Simultaneous Equation Model based on the generalized maximum entropy (GME) estimation method. The format of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, the data collected, the questionnaire evaluation, and the management model analytical formulation are introduced. In Section 3, the GME formulation is specified, showing the main characteristics of the estimation method. In Section 4, the results and a comparison among GME, partial least squares (PLS), and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is shown. In Section 5, concluding remarks are discussed.     

Heisenberg-Ferromagnet方程和波方程的导出

本文应用零曲率方程推出了Heisenberg-Ferromagnet方程和n波方程。     

零售商竞争下纵向合作广告的微分对策模型

利用随机微分对策理论研究了供应链中零售商竞争下的纵向合作广告问题,建立了一个随机微分对策模型.运用汉密尔顿-雅可比-贝尔曼方程分别求得了Stackelberg博弈和合作博弈下均衡的全国性广告投入、地方性广告投入、制造商商誉的期望值和方差、商誉的概率分布函数以及Stackelberg博弈下的广告分担比例,并对此两种博弈进行了比较.研究发现,两种博弈下的零售商的地方性广告投入和制造商的商誉与零售商之间的广告竞争强度相关;在一定条件下,制造商具有一致渐进稳定的商誉概率分布函数.最后,运用效用理论对合作博弈下的增量利润进行了划分.     

乡村人居环境的居民满意度评价及其优化策略研究——以石首市久合垸乡为例

农村人居环境日趋恶化是一个不争的事实。优化农村人居环境,建设美丽宜居的乡村,是各级政府当前亟待改进的一项重要任务,也是广大农民的迫切需求。从农户的视角出发,建立起农村人居环境系统的理论分析框架,把农村人居环境划分为人居硬环境和人居软环境两部分,并通过对北京、河北两地区的实地调研,采用结构方程模型,探讨农村人居环境系统的优化路径。研究结果表明：农民对于农村人居环境质量的评价普遍较差,农村人居环境改善迫在眉睫;在农村人居环境系统优化的过程中,农村人居硬环境的优化应以农村环境卫生为重点,而对于农村人居软环境的优化应以农村社会服务为重点。未来在优化农村人居环境的过程中,应抓住重点,先主后次逐步有效地提高农村人居环境质量。