制度环境对不同产业外商直接投资的影响——基于美国海外直接投资的实证研究

制度环境会对外商直接投资产生影响,但是不同的产业有着不同的制度密集型特征,制度环境对不同产业外商直接投资的影响是否一样,现有文献还没有就此进行过研究。本文基于美国海外直接投资的数据,实证研究了制度环境对美国投资于海外金融、专业科学技术服务、食品和机械四类产业的影响。制度环境对金融、专业科学技术服务等高端服务产业外商直接投资的影响要远大于食品、机械等制造产业。根据研究结论,并结合我国正面临的由出口导向型的制造经济向内需驱动的服务经济转型现实,文章最后得出了一些有益的启示。     

《清平山堂话本》中语义临摹性对“动＋了＋【宾】＋补”和“动＋补＋了＋【宾】”语序形成的影响

以语义临摹性之“距离原则”为理论指导,主要尝试探讨《清平山堂话本》中“动＋了＋【宾】＋补”和“动＋补＋了＋【宾】”．两种句法格式在语序形成中的语义认知因素。     

另读《诗经》四首

以细读、另读方式,读出《氓》为弃夫之妇的控诉诗;以诗之谐隐及谜,另读出《蒹葭》蕴含人生在于追寻;《黍离》在人生求一知己难矣,以心理距离产生美,另读出《采葛》为人生的思念总是美。     

小说叙述距离的审美本质及艺术生成

叙述距离是美学和文艺学上的一个重要概念,是布斯在《小说修辞学》中提出来的。叙述距离是小说叙述主体（隐含作者、叙述者和人物）之间的距离,是作者在小说创作中运用各种叙事技巧精心创造出来的,它的有效控制是读者审美距离形成的必要前提,所以,距离控制是小说最根本的修辞目的;而陌生化是小说叙述距离的修辞本质。     

中国城市工业环境效率度量与分析

文章将污染排放作为非期望产出,采用方向性距离函数测算了2003～2007年中国284个城市的工业环境效率。结果表明,我国城市工业环境效率水平较低,约2/3的城市年均效率损失超过35%,仅有18%的城市的效率损失小于15%。如果不考虑环境污染产出,将低估绝大多数城市特别是中西部城市的工业部门的真实效率。研究期间城市工业环境效率显著提高,年均增长2.24%,但近1/2的城市工业环境效率增长源于生产效率的提高,并不是污染排放强度的下降,意味着这些城市必须对工业污染排放进行更严厉的监管。     

Robust and efficient estimation of GARCH models based on Hellinger distance

It is well known that financial data frequently contain outlying observations. Almost all methods and techniques used to estimate GARCH models are likelihood-based and thus generally non-robust against outliers. Minimum distance method, as an important tool for statistical inferences and a competitive alternative for achieving robustness, has surprisingly not been well explored for GARCH models. In this paper, we proposed a minimum Hellinger distance estimator (MHDE) and a minimum profile Hellinger distance estimator (MPHDE), depending on whether the innovation distribution is specified or not, for estimating the parameters in GARCH models. The construction and investigation of the two estimators are quite involved due to the non-i.i.d. nature of data. We proved that the MHDE is a consistent estimator and derived its bias in explicit expression. For both of the proposed estimators, we demonstrated their finite-sample performance through simulation studies and compared with the well-established methods including MLE, Gaussian Quasi-MLE, Non-Gaussian Quasi-MLE and Least Absolute Deviation estimator. Our numerical results showed that MHDE and MPHDE have much better performance than MLE-based methods when data are contaminated while simultaneously they are very competitive when data is clean, which testified to the robustness and efficiency of the two proposed MHD-type estimations.     

论语用距离对尊称礼貌性的制约

礼貌是交际双方语用距离的特定反映 ,而语用距离则是社会因素、文化因素、情景因素、个人因素等的综合。尊称有礼貌的可能性 ,但并不总是礼貌的。尊称是否礼貌要视语用距离而定。尊称可能是礼貌的、不礼貌的、非礼貌的和无所谓礼貌不礼貌     

The genetic heterogeneity of deer mouse populations ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) in an insular landscape

A survey of the genetic variability in deer mouse populations was performed using specimens collected from six different islands on a lake covering approximately 50 km². Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to measure the extent of the genetic differences in this insular system. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that populations are clearly separated at this microgeographic scale (F _st = 0.13863; P < 0.001). The homogeneity of molecular variance test (HOMOVA) indicated that within-population levels vary greatly (B _p = 0.76831; P < 0.001). The within-population molecular variance was found to be mainly correlated with the accessibility of the islands, computed as the inverse of the geographic distance separating an island from the lakeshore (r = 0.916; P < 0.003). Received: March 5, 1999 / Accepted: July 16, 1999     

Income inequality and solidarity in Europe

This paper studies the relationship between income inequality, a macro-level characteristic, and solidarity of Europeans. To this aim, solidarity is defined as the ‘willingness to contribute to the welfare of other people’. We rely on a theoretical idea according to which feelings of solidarity are derived from both affective and calculating considerations – we derive competing hypotheses relating the extent of income inequality to these ‘underlying’ motivations for solidarity. Using data from the 1999 European Values Study (EVS), we apply multilevel analysis for 26 European countries. Controlling for household income and a range of macro-level characteristics, we find evidence that in more unequal countries people are less willing to take action to improve the living conditions of their fellow-countrymen. This is true for respondents living in both low- and high-income households. According to our theoretical framework, this finding suggests that, at least when measured in terms of ‘willingness to contribute to the welfare of other people’, feelings of solidarity seem to be influenced more strongly by affective, rather than by calculating considerations.     

Let's meet up! The role of relational goods in promoting cooperation

The present paper draws on data collected through a Traveler's Dilemma experiment where the possibility of consuming relational goods is introduced by allowing (or forcing) agents to meet after the experiment. It enriches the literature on social distance by comparing the effect of its reduction when it is a voluntary subject's choice and when it is compulsory.We show that the existing interpretations of the effect of social distance reduction cannot explain the differences in agents’ behavior across our experimental treatments. This allows us to give to the theory of social distance an original interpretation based on the concept of relational goods where the possibility to consume relational goods promotes non-selfish behavior.