浅谈距离表征中的语用元素

英语对距离表征的研究不应停留在对话语双方的实际距离层面,而应透视出说话人和听话人与所指对象之间的抽象距离。语用抽象距离主要包括时间距离、情感距离及社会距离。转变时态可以改变时间距离,以拉近或凸显过去与现在、理想与现实的距离;指示词及人称代词的转变、间接引语或蕴含不同含义词语的使用均起到改变情感距离的效果,表达出不同的交际意图;人称代词的转变、礼貌用语、委婉语及不同语体的使用会改变社会距离,以达到实现交际的目的。     

Semiparametric estimation in copula models

The author recalls the limiting behaviour of the empirical copula process and applies it to prove some asymptotic properties of a minimum distance estimator for a Euclidean parameter in a copula model. The estimator in question is semiparametric in that no knowledge of the marginal distributions is necessary. The author also proposes another semiparametric estimator which he calls “rank approximate Z‐estimator” and whose asymptotic normality he derives. He further presents Monte Carlo simulation results for the comparison of various estimators in four well‐known bivariate copula models.     

远程教育的成本分析

本文探讨了远程教育的运行成本构成,分析了各成本项的构成依据以及影响成本的主要因素,引入了质量评价结果形成的修正系数,并分析了修正系数对运行成本产生的影响.     

A note on penalized minimum distance estimation in nonparametric regression

The authors introduce a penalized minimum distance regression estimator. They show the estimator to balance, among a sequence of nested models of increasing complexity, the L¹ ‐approximation error of each model class and a penalty term which reflects the richness of each model and serves as a upper bound for the estimation error.     

K_N在Q_n中的两个优美嵌入

本文将给出超立方体Q_(38)、Q_(55)中的两个最大顶点子集的优化构造,使得这个子集中的顶点的两两距离互不相同。     

触头系统二次振动及消除方法初步研究

本文对直动式交流接触器中的触头系统在动、静铁心吸合过程中第二次振动的系统响应进行分析,并提出从机械结构上消除触头系统第二次振动的方法,为设计新型的触头系统提出了理论基础和改进设计的具体措施.     

存在与距离--残雪小说创作论

残雪把"审丑"带入中国当代文坛.她的作品既是现代的又是违反常规叙述模式的.她的作品是存在的、难懂的、危险而有距离的.她以她的魅力把人带入幻觉世界而颠覆传统.     

Spatial pattern indices based on distances between individuals on a line-segment with finite length

Summary Let us consider a strip-wise habitat of line-segment, like a corridor, to simplify the subject mathematically, and assume that the length of the habitat is γ and there aren individuals. Here, we assume that the spatial pattern of the individuals is random if then distances from the left end of the habitat to each individual follow a uniform distribution on the strip. Under such an assumption, the variance of the distances between any two neighbors is represented by the formulanθ ²(n+1)⁻²(n+2)⁻¹ and the variance betweenn+1 distances betweenn individuals from the left end to the right end to the strip, is represented by the formulanθ ²(n+1)⁻²(n+2)⁻¹. These two kinds of variances can be used for determining (1) the spatial pattern of a population on the strip and (2) the spatial structure within the population, by comparison with the variances calculated from the data. Two examples cited from the literature, a cattle population on a pasture and an aphid population on a sycamore leaf, are presented.     

现代远程开放教育与人文关怀探微

现代远程开放教育是我国高等教育走向大众化的有效途径,但不可回避的是教师与学生在空间上永久准分离状态的存在、现代社会快节奏和知识更新加快给学生带来的心理压力和焦虑,以及开放教育中教师如何有效利用现代教育技术,适应全新的教育模式等问题,因此必须以人文精神全面关注学生、并将人文关怀落实到学习过程、学习内容和教学方法等环节之中,使其有效地弥补网络环境下开放教育的种种局限,才能使开放教育持续健康的发展。     

Models and methods for characterizing the structural parameters of groups

This paper outlines and illustrates the application of loglinear models for characterizing the structural parameters of groups, as conceptualized by Blau (1974, 1977). Models for nominal parameters are those in which an ingroup outgroup distinction is embodied. Models for graduated parameters introduce distance effects. These models appear to be useful supplements to spatial techniques for identifying patterns of differential association, and they have implications for the calculation of proximity estimators in the use of those techniques.