医疗救助的绩效管理研究

建设责任政府的浪潮使中国政府对医疗救助实施绩效管理成为必然。用包括"经济"(Economy)、"效率"(Efficiency)、"效果"(Effectiveness)和"公平"(Equity)在内的"4Es"指标体系考察中国医疗救助的绩效,将产生积极影响。基于"4Es"指标体系,中国政府应对医疗救助的绩效提升作以改进。     

快速分层切换移动IPv6协议技术性能的分析和比较

随着互联网和无线移动通信技术的快速发展,越来越多的用户使用移动终端接入互联网,无线移动接入技术与IPv6结合起来成为目前的研究热点。通过分析基于移动IPv6协议的分层切换技术,比较其技术之间的性能,结合实际应用价值,给出了分析比较的结论。     

大学英语四、六级网络考试考场建设研究

大学英语四、六级网考项目开始于2007年,第一次四级网考试点工作实施于2008年12月。大学英语四、六级网考项目的建设目标,是提高大学英语四、六级考试的效度和考务管理效率。以2009年10月份的一次考试为例,描述CET-4大学英语网考考场内的硬件设置、环境设置、网考所需的软件、硬件配置和考试系统的操作流程,并且对网考中出现的问题进行剖析,有助于提出行之有效的改进方案。     

英语专业四级听写错误类型及原因分析

短文听写一直是英语专业四级考试的瓶颈。本文通过对25名学生听写文本中所犯错误的逐一分析,发现学习 者存在5大类共14种类的听写错误:词汇错误、语法错误、漏写和添加错误、推断错误、顺序错误,并在此基础上绘制了听力错 误类型一览表。利用此表,可诊断学生所犯错误,提高避错意识和教学效果。     

基于2007年投入产出表的我国投资乘数测算和变动分析

 本文对固定资产投资乘数、凯恩斯投资乘数和投入产出投资乘数等三种投资乘数进行了测算分析,结果表明近年来我国投资乘数并没有发生大幅度下降,对经济增长的拉动贡献较大。通过对4万亿投资计划的具体测算,表明投资对拉动内需和抵御外部冲击发挥了巨大作用。作为发展中国家,保持较高的投资增速是经济可持续发展的必要条件,未来投资仍将是拉动我国经济增长的主要动力。但应当积极调整投资结构,避免产能过剩、抑制房地产价格上涨,提高投资效率。     

A note on Läuter-type robust design for polynomial regression models

In this paper, we consider the problem of model robust design for simultaneous parameter estimation among a class of polynomial regression models with degree up to k. A generalized D-optimality criterion, the Ψ_α‐optimality criterion, first introduced by Läuter (1974) is considered for this problem. By applying the theory of canonical moments and the technique of maximin principle, we derive a model robust optimal design in the sense of having highest minimum Ψ_α‐efficiency. Numerical comparison indicates that the proposed design has remarkable performance for parameter estimation in all of the considered rival models.     

Reforming against all odds: Multi‐pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania

Attempts to replace pay‐as‐you‐go pension schemes with private funded systems came to a halt in Central and Eastern Europe after 2005. However, more recently, the region has witnessed two belated reformers: the Czech Republic and Romania. Both countries decided to partially privatize pensions despite the rising tide of evidence concerning the challenges associated with the policy. We argue that while part of the domestic political elite remained supportive of private funded pensions, the difficulties experienced by earlier reformers and reduced support from International Financial Institutions led to the adoption of small funded pension pillars. Such cautious attempts at privatization might become more common in the future as large reforms have proven politically unsustainable.     

From pension funds to piggy banks: (Perverse) consequences of the Stability and Growth Pact since the crisis

As part of their strategy for economic and monetary union, European governments committed themselves to fiscal discipline – particularly by placing limits on annual deficits and on public debt. Subsequently, and as they sought to respond to the “current crisis”, they embraced the view that only if public finances were kept under control would sustainable recovery be possible. Rules of fiscal governance were strengthened. To help them meet these rules, the governments of many member States of the European Union made changes to their pension systems or to funds they had established specifically to pay the costs of population ageing. The intention was not to cut retirement benefits or to improve the efficiency of the relevant pension schemes and institutions. Rather, it was to free up resources immediately. Funded pension schemes and pension funds were treated like “piggy banks” that were raided when times became hard. Moreover, the policies pursued succeeded in meeting their objectives only because the system of national accounts according to which outcomes are judged does not recognize the way in which most of the fiscal gains are matched by future fiscal liabilities.     

中国近代文学理论批评文体的演进

近代以降,中国古代文论文体逐步向近代化、正规化发展.其演进过程大致可以分为四个时期.这四个时期的界限划分虽然有模糊之处,各个时期之间有所交错,但文学理论批评文体发展的轨迹是很清晰的.经过这四个时期,到"五四"新文化运动兴起时,文学理论批评文体以白话文为突破口,全面突破旧的形式,迅速向现代文学理论批评文体转变.     

“五四”新文化运动对民族精神性质之论争

"五四"新文化运动时期,五四先驱者对中华民族精神的性质进行了广泛而深刻的讨论。关于中华民族精神性质的探讨,西化派持否定或批判态度,东方派持肯定或褒扬态度,李大钊则超越西化派与东方派的论争而提出"第三种文明"。从某种意义上说,东方派从肯定或褒扬传统文化的角度弘扬民族精神,而西化派则从否定或批判传统文化的视角重建民族精神,可谓是"殊途同归"。李大钊提出的"第三种文明"即"苏俄文明",预示着中国近代文化向现代文化的转变、近代民族精神向现代民族精神的转型。五四先驱者对民族传统文化与民族精神性质的探讨,是一次巨大的思想启蒙和对文化现代化的追寻,在唤起中华民族自我觉醒方面起了极为重要的作用,同时也是我们今天探索和认识民族精神的重要思想资源。