突变级数法的中心城市粮食安全绩效评价

在对中心城市粮食安全内涵进行深入分析的基础上,从支出、产业链和效率以及结果四个维度提出了中心城市粮食安全的4E绩效评价模型,并应用突变级数法对济南市2003—2007年的粮食安全绩效进行了深入研究。结果表明,突变级数法应用于多目标多环节的中心城市粮食安全绩效评价具有很强的科学性和实用性。     

考试焦虑、成就动机和CET-4考试成绩关系研究

采用问卷调查法对75名CET-4考生进行调查的结果表明：大部分学生的CET-4考试焦虑状况远远高于一般学生,其力求成功的趋向越强烈,考试焦虑就越低;而避免失败的趋向越强烈,考试焦虑就越高。考试成绩与成就动机高低有关,考试焦虑是CET-4考试成绩的显著预测变量;一般女生的焦虑状态高于男生,并与CET-4考试成绩正相关。     

大学英语四六级语篇阅读模式研究

当前的大学英语四六级阅读理解可以作为一种独立的语篇类型进行研究,运用语篇理论对其研究并提炼出相应的语篇模式,可以更好地促进《大学英语》的教学水平和学生英语阅读能力的提高。     

基于4P理论的茶艺服饰发展策略研究

中国茶文化历史悠久,伴随中国经济的发展,作为千年茶文化载体的茶艺馆成为茶叶经济的重要组成部分。茶艺服饰是特定的职业个性和艺术个性的结合,属于茶叶经济的延伸产品。茶艺服饰应逐渐形成自身的特色,为茶艺事业的发展增添文化竞争力,提升文化消费品味。运用4p营销理论为茶艺服饰的发展提供策略,产品开发抓住其核心文化内涵,确立准确的价值坐标、因地制宜、因茶而异、依托已有茶文化品牌实施有效的市场拓展,专业化的茶艺服饰对现代茶艺经济的发展具有积极的促进作用。     

GDP增长的要素贡献率分解

在GDP增长的要素分析中,国内学者一般强调单一要素的作用,如资本的高积累、劳动参与率或技术进步等,并且对不同要素在所研究的特定时期内的贡献率变动趋势缺乏分析;而能源对GDP增长的作用往往被认为是不明显的,这显然与中国政府非常重视能源消耗与GDP增长的关系的事实不吻合。因此,把能源资源引入模型GM（1,4）,构建灰生产函数,借鉴＂索洛剩余＂的思想,对中国2001—2008年期间GDP增长的主要生产要素贡献率进行分解,结果发现：2001—2008年期间,资本对GDP增长的贡献率处于绝对强势地位,其产出弹性保持着强进的增长势头;相反,劳动、能源与技术等要素对GDP的贡献率处于绝对弱势,并且劳动的产出弹性保持着直线式的下降趋势,能源的产出弹性则始终处于比较低的平稳状态,技术的贡献率呈现波动性下滑趋势。鉴此,提出了与之相应的建议。     

Agricultural policy modelling under imperfect competition

This study evaluates the role of imperfect competition in determining the agri-food policies impact assessment outcomes. In most impact studies, the supply chain between agricultural production and final consumption is modelled in a perfectly competitive framework. However, there is a growing attention of stakeholders for the presence of imperfectly competitive markets, with the retail sector often being under investigation. This issue is empirically analysed with an application to the dairy industry. First, the degree of market power is estimated using a multi-output demand and price transmission equation system. Then, this model is used for policy simulation with the perfect competition outcome taken as a benchmark to evaluate the impact of imperfect competition. Results show a significant degree of market power in the dairy industry with implications on the projected policy scenarios. Moreover, the imperfect competition model alters the price transmission mechanisms, generating more flexible price trends.     

Financing social security out of contributions: About origins,present discussions and prospects of a success story

In writing the overture to an issue on contribution financed social security one cannot but speak of Bismarck; it must also address Beveridge who saw contributions, although in their design and role clearly differently from Bismarck, as one core revenue tool to finance his vision. Beveridge attributed to the private financial sector a prominent role in securing people against the negative effects on income of shocks and crises, while Bismarck did not. Beveridge's concept, when first published, had, and still has today, the most attractive charm of rigorously satisfying peoples' striving for equitable and inclusive societal solutions. Bismarck's concept intrinsically offers income security only to those who contribute, while the level of protection depends on the level of contributions paid (with the exception of health insurance). In reality, both concepts, where implemented, had to face the realities of socio‐economic and political developments: Beveridge's vision was achieved in respect of access to health services where his proposal, in its predominantly tax‐financed version, has since turned into a worldwide blueprint for health schemes; in its other components, it was not resilient enough to achieve the intended standards and now is replete with means‐tested (poor relief) elements. Bismarck's scheme has proven its potential to achieve “universality”, not necessarily by theoretical design but as a matter of fact, i.e. covering people from cradle to grave (like Beveridgean schemes). With globalization, schemes of both origins have had to face massive neoliberal attacks over the last three decades. Which of the approaches is best able to survive must be left an open question: in the current worldwide context of rapid change, both have weak and strong points, and whether a symbiosis of the two offers the answer to future challenges remains to be seen.     

A multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and the special case of Austria

One of the biggest challenges currently facing European society is the dramatically high level of youth unemployment. Commonly, political solutions and strategies can be found in those countries that have been able to keep youth unemployment low in spite of the financial and economic crises. Austria is such a case. On the basis of European Union Member State data, the article gives a multifactorial explanation of youth unemployment and asks whether these factors can explain relatively low youth unemployment in Austria. With the country's “youth safety net” presented in detail, it is shown that active labour market policy reduces youth unemployment in Austria. The article also points out the limitations of cross‐country comparisons of youth unemployment rates and proposes the use of a greater number of indicators. Finally, the article argues for economic policies to stimulate demand, which have to be based on a political and social commitment to full employment.     

水田基肥NH4HCO3施用方法对水中NH+4-N分配量影响的模拟实验

采用模拟水田基肥施用NH4 HCO3 的方法 ,研究了不同施肥—耕作方法对水田水层和土层滤液中NH 4—N浓度及分配量的影响。结果表明 :施肥—耕作方法对水层和土壤滤液中NH 4—N浓度及分配量有显著的影响。 3种施肥—耕作方法中 ,水层NH 4—N浓度及分配量为方法Ⅰ (灌水—施肥—耕作—沉清 ) <Ⅱ (灌水—耕作—施肥—沉清 ) <Ⅲ (灌水—耕作—沉清—施肥 ) ,土壤滤液中NH 4—N浓度及分配量为Ⅰ >Ⅱ >Ⅲ ;随着施肥量的增加 ,3种耕作法的水层、土层滤液中的NH 4—N浓度均有增加 ,水层中的增加量为方法Ⅰ <Ⅱ <Ⅲ ,土层滤液中增加量为Ⅰ >Ⅱ >Ⅲ。综合比较 ,方法Ⅰ对于减少水田中氮素损失 ,提高氮肥利用率 ,控制氮素污染具有较高的应用价值。     

4-乙酰基-2-蒈烯的合成

利用硫酸盐松节油中的３－蒈烯合成了具有薄荷样清凉香气的４－乙酰基－２－蒈烯．通过实验确定了如下适宜的合成条件：３－蒈烯与乙酸酐的重量比为１∶２,催化剂用量为３％,反应温度为７０℃,反应时间为６ｈ．产品得率７４．８％,主要副产物为４－乙酰基－３（１０）－蒈烯和４－乙酰基３－蒈烯．