浅谈声乐教学中学生的心理因素

文章主要论述了在声乐教学中 ,如何根据学生的心理特点 ,把有关的心理学方法 ,运用到声乐技能的训练中。文章着重从性格对歌唱的影响 ,感觉、知觉在歌唱中的作用两方面进行探讨     

试论法官在刑事诉讼中的地位

按照诉讼原理,法官在刑事诉讼中应具有独立、中立的地位;在我国随着新刑事诉讼法和法官法的颁布实施,刑事审判正处于一个变革、转型时期.法官的独立地位并未真正确立,其最终能否处于中立亦仍需时间考验.我们应从观念的转变、落实法规等方面来改善现状.     

"五四"乡土小说的文化精神(上)

“五四”乡土小说作为“五四”新文化、新文学的重要载体 ,表现出鲜明的理性批判的文化精神。其对古老乡村群体存在方式的批判 ,关于反封建文学主题的探寻 ,关于女性命运的文化启蒙 ,以及对现代乡土文学作家在都市与乡间灵魂漂泊的文化观照 ,都有着独到的发现与艺术的表现。     

苏南地区河南话的归属问题

苏南地区河南方言岛群中的“河南话”(以句容磨盘话为代表 )是河南南部一种地域方言的“域外”分支。它是一种融合性的方言。无论是它的基础方言河南光山话还是新的融合性的磨盘话 ,都不能简单地以单一标准把它归为中原官话。确定一种方言的归属最好采用综合标准——除了语言各要素的综合标准以外 ,还要充分考虑与之有关的社会历史、当地人的认同、地理环境等因素。结合现代社会语言学和方言地理学的方法来研究汉语方言应该成为方言研究的一个新的途径     

论五四新文化运动中各知识群体的中西文化观

在五四新文化运动中 ,出现了几个持不同文化观的知识分子群体 :“全盘西化派”主张抛弃传统 ,使中国文化脱胎换骨 ;“中体西用派”试图弘扬东方学术 ,复兴中国传统文化 ;“《新青年》派”则通过“洋为中用、古为今用” ,来致力于创造“第三新文明”。他们的研究方法 ,从不同角度开启了东西方文化比较研究的先河     

The old‐age pension law in Mexico: The promise of poverty in old age?

In 1997, Mexico replaced its main old‐age pension system with an individual capitalization system. In 2021, the first people subject to the new system will retire. Using a model that projects demographic and labour variables and using Monte Carlo simulations, the findings of this study show that in 2051 the percentage of men not having a pension will increase from 38 per cent to 59 per cent, and that of women from 44 per cent to 66 per cent. The replacement rate for the average Mexican worker will fall from 70 per cent to 30 per cent. The numbers of people in extreme poverty will increase by almost 2.8 million, representing 9.44 per cent of the population. Alternative scenarios are proposed that involve increasing the contribution rate and raising the retirement age.     

The intersection of extreme poverty and familial mental health in the United States

Approximately 22% of children in the United States live in poverty, with high rates of caregiver depression and child disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). The current study aims to explore the relationships between living in extreme poverty and both child and parent mental health. Data are comprised of findings from the first effectiveness study of the 4Rs and 2Ss intervention, in addition to preliminary data from an implementation study currently underway (n = 484). Families with an annual income of less than $9,999 reported significantly greater child DBD scores and prevalence of clinically significant levels of caregiver depressive symptoms compared to income levels over $10,000. Findings support the recommendation for parental mental health to be attended to within the context of child mental health services.     

Two separate effects of variance heterogeneity on the validity and power of significance tests of location

Heterogeneity of variances of treatment groups influences the validity and power of significance tests of location in two distinct ways. First, if sample sizes are unequal, the Type I error rate and power are depressed if a larger variance is associated with a larger sample size, and elevated if a larger variance is associated with a smaller sample size. This well-established effect, which occurs in t and F tests, and to a lesser degree in nonparametric rank tests, results from unequal contributions of pooled estimates of error variance in the computation of test statistics. It is observed in samples from normal distributions, as well as non-normal distributions of various shapes. Second, transformation of scores from skewed distributions with unequal variances to ranks produces differences in the means of the ranks assigned to the respective groups, even if the means of the initial groups are equal, and a subsequent inflation of Type I error rates and power. This effect occurs for all sample sizes, equal and unequal. For the t test, the discrepancy diminishes, and for the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, it becomes larger, as sample size increases. The Welch separate-variance t test overcomes the first effect but not the second. Because of interaction of these separate effects, the validity and power of both parametric and nonparametric tests performed on samples of any size from unknown distributions with possibly unequal variances can be distorted in unpredictable ways.     

平衡与差异:五四时期中日文学交流史论

中日两国近现代历史、文化发展的不平衡决定了五四时期中日文学交流的不平衡。这种不平衡表现在交流双方鲜为及时地介绍对方同时代的文学。中国五四新文学的先驱者介绍日本近代文学时带有清醒的功利性目的 ,日本译介中国新文学时则忽略社会的功利价值而注重从文学角度看待五四新文学。由于中日两国这一时期文学自身的现代化变革都已完成 ,双向的真正现代意义上的文学交流局面也便开始形成