明代天津人口与城市性质的变化

明代的天津是一个军事城市 ,军队移民是这个城市人口的主要来源 ,同时 ,由于天津经济地理位置之优越 ,非军队移民也有不断增加的趋势。明代的天津人口 ,特别是军队人口 ,由于广泛地、大量地参与各项经济活动 ,使他们的军人身份在发生变化。天津人口经济活动的不断增强 ,促使天津逐渐从一个军事城市向经济城市转变     

无政府主义与中国现代作家

中国现代作家对无政府主义的接受可分为两种类型:信仰型和局部吸收型。对前者而言,无政府主义成为他们从传统儒教走向马克思主义的信仰过渡;对后者而言,无政府主义为他们的文学活动提供了重要的思想资源。     

五四新文学与自然主义

自然主义作为一种文学理念是20世纪初从日本传入中国的,但五四时期新文学运动并未像日本文坛那样形成典型的自然主义文艺思潮。中国文学环境的独特性使自然主义经过改良后成为诠释启蒙文学观的载体。五四新文学的倡导者们提倡自然主义,是试图用自然主义来克服写实主义"不忠实描写"的弊病,将它的某些法则加以改造而成为现实主义理论的有机部分。     

对鲁迅与章太炎的联系及其“五四”意义的再认识

章太炎与鲁迅对浙东学术思想的承续性发展,显示着"鲁迅与章太炎之缘"在中国近、现代思想变革中的文化意义。章太炎与鲁迅所确立的"取今"与"复古"的变革取向及其对"魏晋文学"观的选择,构筑了"五四"新文化、新文学发生的"浙东文化"背景。     

五四时期青年学生的担当精神 ——以福建"台江事件"为中心

“台江事件”可称之为“五四运动”的殿军之战,围绕这一事件在全国掀起了反抗日本帝国主义侵略的斗争,进一步激发了中国人民的爱国主义情感和民族独立意识。在“台江事件”中,青年学生商讨“闽案”应对办法;组织游行、演讲,促使民众了解“闽案”真相;召开国民大会,促成各阶级的大联合;主导又一场抵制日货运动,表达对日侵略势力的反抗;向政府请愿交涉,力争“闽案”正当解决。这些事实均展现了“五四时期”青年学生的担当精神。     

Evaluating correctional health care. The lessons of New York City.

New York City's correctional health care system is a complicated one, with many component parts. Correspondingly, the task of developing an evaluation process to assess this system turned out to be complex as well. The major responsibility for developing such a process and for keeping it in motion lies with the Contract Evaluation Unit of the Department of Health. Our experiences in meeting these challenges, as well as the historical and institutional factors that have influenced our efforts, should be of interest to professional groups facing similar tasks in other localities and to readers curious about how particular health service evaluation approaches take form. This article describes our method, how it emerged, and that it entails, with an eye toward identifying what might usefully be applied to the study of other correctional health care services and settings.     

Lagged Regression Residuals and Serial-Correlation Tests

A new family of statistics is proposed to test for the presence of serial correlation in linear regression models. The tests are based on partial sums of lagged cross-products of regression residuals that define a class of interesting Gaussian processes. These processes are characterized in terms of regressor functions, the serial-correlation structure, the distribution of the noise process, and the order of the lag of the cross-products of residuals. It is shown that these four factors affect the lagged residual processes independently. Large-sample distributional results are presented for test statistics under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation or for alternatives from a range of interesting hypotheses. Some indication of the circumstances to which the asymptotic results apply in finite-sample situations and of those to which they should be applied with some caution are obtained through a simulation study. Tables of selected quantiles of the proposed tests are also given. The tests are illustrated with two examples taken from the empirical literature. It is also proposed that plots of lagged residual processes be used as diagnostic tools to gain insight into the correlation structure of residuals derived from regression fits.     

The Four Es of Problem Gambling: A Psychological Measure of Risk

A focus group of Reno area Gamblers Anonymous members identified four psychological traits contributing to risk for problem gambling, including: Escape, Esteem, Excess and Excitement. A panel of four experts authored 240 Likert-type items to measure these traits. By design, none of the items explicitly referred to gambling activities. Study 1 narrowed the field of useful items by employing a quasi-experimental design which compared the answers of Reno area Gamblers Anonymous members (N = 39) to a control sample (N = 34). Study 2 submitted successful items, plus new items authored with the knowledge gained from Study 1, to validation in a random sample telephone survey across Queensland, Australia (N=2577). The final 40 item Four Es scale (4Es) was reliable (α=.90); predicted gambling problems as measured by the Canadian Problem Gambling Index of Severity (PGSI, Ferris & Wynne (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse); and distinguished problem gamblers from persons with alcohol abuse problems. The new scale can provide a basis for further study in harm minimization, treatment, and theory development.     

从“一师风潮”看“五四”时期的浙江报刊

研究和宣传新思想的报刊的大量出现,以及发表在<浙江新潮>上<非孝>一文引发的"一师风潮",是五四运动影响浙江思想界与报刊界的直接后果."一师风潮"是1920年全国学生运动中最突出的事件之一,<浙江新潮>则对新思想在浙江的传播起了很大的作用.     

五四文学:对立的现代性

西方的世界性影响和中国本身的开放性要求是五四文学现代性产生的背景。在这种无论是对物质还是精神的现代化的追求之中,他们无一例外地都遭遇到了“冲突”这种处境。五四文学的现代性是以对立的面貌出现的,而冲突对立正是五四文学不同于传统文学的一个内在特质。对立、反抗既是中国现代文学解放、革命的需要,更是不回避中西、传统和现代碰撞的内心思想冲突的表现。其中既显示着中国文学特有的现代性的表达方式,也显示了中国文学现代化的简单、直线思维的欠缺和局限。