论宋代僧诗中的偈颂赞

宋代僧诗是宋诗的重要组成部分,而偈颂赞类作品在宋僧诗中占有主要地位,此类作品源于佛经,但又不能等同于佛经中的偈、颂、赞,其主要内容是以文学手段宣扬佛教教义,其中的临终偈颂尤具特色和代表性。语言极为俚俗,形式灵活多变,是偈颂赞类宋僧诗的主要艺术特色。     

国家形象外交初探——以2000-2008年美国国家形象外交为例分析

国家形象与外交具有相关性。国家形象外交的兴起得益于全球化的发展和国家形象作用的凸显。不同的外交主体和外交对象的组合可以产生三种不同的国家形象外交形式：官方外交、公共外交、民间外交,三者发挥不同作用,共同塑造着国家的形象。文章以2000—2008年美国的形象外交为例分析了这三种外交形式的作用机制。     

论上下级法院关系之异化及重塑——以审级独立为视角的分析

审级制度之构建必须以审级独立为基础。在我国,上下级法院之间的关系在多方面与审级独立相背离,尤其体现在案件请示制度及发回重审中的内部函上。为保障当事人的审级利益,应恢复程序性的审判工作监督机制,并对案件请示制度及重审意见函进行适时完善。     

Nonparametric covariate adjustment for receiver operating characteristic curves

The accuracy of a diagnostic test is typically characterized using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Summarizing indexes such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to compare different tests as well as to measure the difference between two populations. Often additional information is available on some of the covariates which are known to influence the accuracy of such measures. The authors propose nonparametric methods for covariate adjustment of the AUC. Models with normal errors and possibly non‐normal errors are discussed and analyzed separately. Nonparametric regression is used for estimating mean and variance functions in both scenarios. In the model that relaxes the assumption of normality, the authors propose a covariate‐adjusted Mann–Whitney estimator for AUC estimation which effectively uses available data to construct working samples at any covariate value of interest and is computationally efficient for implementation. This provides a generalization of the Mann–Whitney approach for comparing two populations by taking covariate effects into account. The authors derive asymptotic properties for the AUC estimators in both settings, including asymptotic normality, optimal strong uniform convergence rates and mean squared error (MSE) consistency. The MSE of the AUC estimators was also assessed in smaller samples by simulation. Data from an agricultural study were used to illustrate the methods of analysis. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:27–46; 2010 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Some tests for uniformity of circular distributions powerful against multimodal alternatives

The author introduces new statistics suited for testing uniformity of circular distributions and powerful against multimodal alternatives. One of them has a simple expression in terms of the geometric mean of the sample of chord lengths. The others belong to a family indexed by a continuous parameter. The asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis are derived. We compare the power of the new tests against Stephens's alternatives with those of Ajne, Watson, and Hermans‐Rasson's tests. Some of the new tests are the most powerful when the alternative has three or four modes. A heuristic justification of this feature is given. An application to the analysis of archaeological data is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:80–96; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

Testing for order among K populations: theory and examples

Testing for stochastic order among K populations is a common and important problem in statistical practice. It arises in the analysis of both planned experiments and observational studies. The authors develop a new nonparametric test for order among K populations that can accommodate any stochastic ordering. The test is based on a maximally selected chi‐bar‐square statistic. The authors find its limiting distribution and use simulations to derive critical values. Three important examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the general method. The authors find that the new tests outperform the existing methods in many practical cases. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 97–115; 2010 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Variability explained by covariates in linear mixed‐effect models for longitudinal data

Variability explained by covariates or explained variance is a well‐known concept in assessing the importance of covariates for dependent outcomes. In this paper we study R² statistics of explained variance pertinent to longitudinal data under linear mixed‐effect models, where the R² statistics are computed at two different levels to measure, respectively, within‐ and between‐subject variabilities explained by the covariates. By deriving the limits of R² statistics, we find that the interpretation of explained variance for the existing R² statistics is clear only in the case where the covariance matrix of the outcome vector is compound symmetric. Two new R² statistics are proposed to address the effect of time‐dependent covariate means. In the general case where the outcome covariance matrix is not compound symmetric, we introduce the concept of compound symmetry projection and use it to define level‐one and level‐two R² statistics. Numerical results are provided to support the theoretical findings and demonstrate the performance of the R² statistics. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 352–368; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

Smoothed empirical likelihood confidence intervals for the relative distribution with left‐truncated and right‐censored data

The study of differences among groups is an interesting statistical topic in many applied fields. It is very common in this context to have data that are subject to mechanisms of loss of information, such as censoring and truncation. In the setting of a two‐sample problem with data subject to left truncation and right censoring, we develop an empirical likelihood method to do inference for the relative distribution. We obtain a nonparametric generalization of Wilks' theorem and construct nonparametric pointwise confidence intervals for the relative distribution. Finally, we analyse the coverage probability and length of these confidence intervals through a simulation study and illustrate their use with a real data set on gastric cancer. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 453–473; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

主观幸福感影响因素研究新进展

梳理近年来国内外关于SWB影响因素的研究发现：在SWB的影响因素中,人格特质反映出了比在之前研究中体现出的更强的与SWB之间的相关性,在回归分析中表现了较强的预测性;在人格因素及其他因素对SWB的影响中,协方差分析中可见遗传因素显著的协方差贡献.未来研究的重点在于进一步讨论遗传因素影响人们形成人际环境和对外在环境做出反应的具体途径和方式.     

自然资源与环境经济理论的演进述评

自从经济学产生以来,与自然资源和环境相关的问题就一直是主流经济学关注的主要领域.本文分别对古典经济学中关于资源的论述、一般均衡模型、外部性、产权与交易成本以及生态文明等国内外资源与环境经济学的相关的基本理论进行了较为详尽的回顾和评述.提出在应用传统经济学理论解决资源与环境问题的同时,通过树立生态文明的观念,变革传统的生产与消费模式,让人类自觉地走上绿色发展道路,从而在根本上解决资源与环境问题.