Worlds of Welfare Services: From Discovery to Exploration

A recent thread of debate in social policy research has been the ‘discovery’ of welfare services. Previous comparative studies in this field have been largely erratic and have led to different results. This ambiguity is mainly due to flaws inherent in the data sets. In order to overcome these problems, this article uses an alternative approach of operationalizing welfare services. Employment patterns in the welfare sector provide a holistic picture of welfare services regarding quantity, kind, and organization. Cluster analysis leads to a four‐cluster structure that bears high resemblance to the conventional welfare regime typology by Esping‐Andersen and its subsequent advancements. These findings are set in the context of the welfare regimes literature in order to enhance our understanding of the functioning of welfare regimes. The study suggests that the ideological orientation of the welfare state is a good starting point for a holistic framework of welfare regimes combining the transfer and the service component.     

论兼职大学生的劳动者主体资格

目前,在校大学生兼职普遍,维权颇为艰难。究其根源,在于我国劳动立法至今没有对“劳动者”进行明确界定,导致保护不周。兼职大学生完全具备劳动者主体资格,理应纳入劳动法调整范围。当务之急,可以司法解释或规章形式明确大学生兼职的法律性质,同时通过地方立法弥补不足。长久之计,则需完善劳动立法,扩张解释劳动者概念,对在不同劳动力配置模式下从事劳动给付的人,给予劳动者应该得到的法律保护,从而扩大法律保障非全日制劳动者的范围。     

An Audit of the Welfare Modelling Business

The ‘welfare modelling business’ has become central to comparative social policy in recent years. However, we argue that one important element in this literature, the usefulness of identifying ‘ideal types’ of welfare production that support theoretical development, has been neglected. While much effort has been devoted to the results of the number and composition of the worlds, insufficient attention has been paid to the analytical basis of welfare regimes. This article attempts an audit of the ‘welfare modelling business’, with a review and consideration of the main concepts used in the literature. Our main conclusion is that definitions, concepts and methods need to be given urgent priority for the investment in the business to produce future returns.     

裴子野集团与梁武帝之关系

裴子野集团虽不是一个政治集团,但它与梁代的最高统治者有着千丝万缕的关系。除却旧交友善的关系,裴子野集团中人能得到梁武帝的倍受关注,就其原因而言,主要还是这批人在许多方面都与梁武帝理想中的文人极其相似,主张重学复礼,重质轻文等。同时,他们的史学著作和品行修养也奠定他们在文学史上的地位,深得社会名流的称赞,也成为梁武帝理想中文人学者的典范。     

言语交际的三个层次

在构建了“言语交际的基本模式”和“言语交际的复合模式”的基础上,进一步提出了言语交际的三个层次：“有效的言语交际”、“成功的言语交际”和“理想的言语交际”。周礼全的“语言交际图式”,实有简化、调整和增补之修订必要。     

The green factor: Unpacking green job growth

Drawing on data from the Labour Force Survey of the United Kingdom (2011–14), this article estimates the number of green jobs in Scotland and identifies change over time, using a methodological framework that can be applied to any region, based on ISCO‐08 and O*NET. The findings highlight the value of charting changes in green jobs based on inclusive rather than “purist” definitions to better capture the broader impact of greening on jobs. The findings also indicate a need for greater analytical attention to issues of green job quality and inclusive green job growth.     

析包法利夫人悲剧的实质

浪漫的天性和美丽的外表与其说是包法利夫人骄傲的资本,不如说是摧毁她生活乃至生命的武器。平淡安宁并不是人人都向往的生活,透过包法利夫人一次次狂热追寻爱情的失败,不难看出包法利夫人所要追求的那种幸福感,本质上是不存在的。也正是因为这种不存在,包法利夫人在对自己和生活的绝望中走向毁灭。     

浅谈研究生助研岗的现状及发展对策

通过对我国高校设置研究生助研岗位现状和存在的问题的分析,文章指出顺利设置助研岗位并达到设岗的根本目的,国家层面上需要综合协调科研经费的配置,学校层面需要做好规章制度的保障,指导教师要时刻铭记培养人才的重任,研究生要端正科研态度,理智客观地对待助研工作。     

Synchronous flow shop problems: How much can we gain by leaving machines idle?

In synchronous production lines it may be beneficial to leave machines idle instead of processing the next job immediately. In this paper, the effects of inserting voluntary idle times are discussed in more detail for different objective functions (minimization of makespan, total completion time, maximum lateness). Besides deriving theoretical bounds on how much can be gained by inserting idle times, an extensive computational study is conducted to empirically examine the actual improvements. For this, exact algorithms and heuristics capable of incorporating voluntary idle times are proposed to find (near-) optimal schedules. It can be seen that the potential gain is very large in theory, while the empirical results indicate that in general only small improvements are achievable in practice.     

Minimizing the Number of Late Jobs under the Group Technology Assumption

We consider the one-machine scheduling problem to minimize the number of late jobs under the group technology assumption, where jobs are classified into groups and all jobs from the same group must be processed contiguously. This problem is shown to be strongly NP-hard, even for the case of unit processing time and zero set-up time. A polynomial time algorithm is developed for the restricted version in which the jobs in each group have the same due date. However, the problem is proved to be ordinarily NP-hard if the jobs in a group have the same processing time as well as the same due date.