对黑格尔"艺术终结论"的再认识

黑格尔"艺术终结论"是指艺术经历象征型、古典型和浪漫型三个阶段的解体而走向终结,于是在艺术中无法实现的"理念"转移到宗教与哲学领域。艺术在黑格尔的逻辑体系内终结了,而在历史上继续发展,在这个意义上"艺术终结论"是有效的。在黑格尔整体框架之外,"艺术终结论"的局限凸显,并遭遇了零碎化的现代环境的挑战。     

宋儒境界系统解析

宋代理学的主要论题是围绕着"境界"问题展开的。境界的核心是对人生价值的确认。宋儒以实现"心与理一"的心灵自由为人生的根本追求,宋儒境界就是心灵自由的存在状态和呈现方式。宋儒的境界理论则表现为一个多重因素纵横交织的立体网络式的结构系统:仁者情怀、本体体认和践履工夫,构成其主体构架;而体验感悟、心境之乐和气象风貌,则是其动态进程主要层面的特征。通过对宋儒境界系统的解析,可以发现其各个构件及整体追求都充满着道德理想主义的色彩。     

Equal Processing Time Bicriteria Scheduling on Parallel Machines

We consider the problem of scheduling jobs on parallel, identical machines so as to minimize a primary and a secondary criteria. All the jobs are assumed to have identical processing times. Polynomial time algorithms, that generate optimal solutions, are presented for various combinations of primary and secondary criteria.     

论文学与政治的意蕴交映——2010年诺贝尔文学奖评奖感思

略萨因对专制政权的痛恨和民众反抗精神的精致描写而获2010年诺贝尔文学奖,这一事实印证了文学与政治的关系:文学是对人类自身的研究,是对不同社会制度下的人际关系和人的生存困境的思考,这就是文学与政治的不解之缘。在政治哲学层面上,文学的政治性表现为文艺作品对人类理想社会的追求与探索,因而具有政治文化的意识形态作用;在政论性文学层面上,文学文本直接服务于国家政权的诉求,因而具有政治认同的历史作用。略萨的文学创作两者兼而有之,不仅为文学与政治的相互包蕴树立了典范,也为困境中的当代文学指明了发展方向。     

Product Positioning and Pricing Under Production Cost Considerations*

A framework in a competitive environment is proposed that incorporates production cost and economies of scale in the problem of positioning a product for a market segment. The model facilitates the existence of a Nash equilibrium in prices and product positions. As such, firms can simultaneously choose prices and product positions for the segment. This result improves the traditional theory on equilibria points in prices and product positions where firms choose their product positions first and then set their prices. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates the effects of changes in the unit savings derived from economies of scale or the cost of furnishing a product with its attributes by one firm on the product positions, prices, and profits of all competing firms. More important, the paper examines the effect on prices and profits of competing firms when one of the firms repositions its product closer to the segment's ideal point. It is shown that under certain conditions, the profit of a firm may actually decrease as it redesigns its product closer to the segment's ideal point. These conditions assist management to identify the product design beyond which enhancements of the product would lead to lower profits because of increasing production costs. It is also shown that the price of this firm increases. Past research supports the idea that positioning a brand closer to the ideal point, given fixed product positions of competing firms, would lead to greater buyer preferences and eventually higher profits. The price and profits of the competing firm may increase or decrease. Conditions are derived under which a movement towards the segment's ideal point by one firm would lead to higher profits by the competing firm.     

Goodbye to the golden cage: Transformations in gender norms and family morality for working‐class women in occupations considered masculine in Mexico

This article seeks to contribute to the debate, within the feminist sociological theory and gender studies, about the possibility of ‘undoing gender’ in different social fields, mainly family relations. It is based on the premise that as women's objective dependency in the social structure decreases, the unstable character of what Bourdieu called ‘submissive dispositions’ becomes visible, and that women act reflectively, both to adapt to the challenges posed by their participation in different social fields and to gain personal liberties. The results of qualitative research, based on discussion groups and narrative interviews in which 109 women in working‐class sectors in Mexico City participated, are presented. Conflicts around breadwinning, housework distribution and personal liberties demonstrate a displacement of gender norms, parallel to efforts to maintain certain assurances regarding the traditional family model within the context of economic precariousness.     

Blurred lines: German freelance journalists with secondary employment in public relations

Nearly half of all German freelance journalists have a second job, mainly in public relations (PR). This work combination can be problematic, since journalists and PR practitioners have different responsibilities. Working as a journalist entails contributing to the public duties of journalism such as informing the public, offering multiple viewpoints, and representing societal interests; in contrast, PR practitioners must advocate solely in their clients’ interests. Conflicts can arise between these two roles if a freelance journalist is, for instance, required to critically investigate his or her PR client. However, there has been little research on freelance journalists with secondary work in PR. This study seeks to address this gap in research; therefore, we conducted a quantitative online survey among German “PR-journalists”. Our results show that nearly half of the participants take on secondary PR work for financial reasons; however, a similar number of journalists take on PR-work voluntarily, as they find the work interesting and enjoyable. Moreover, participants described their professional identity very similarly to that of German journalists in general. The PR-journalists surveyed were aware of the potential for conflicts of interest arising from their dual role. While such conflicts have been rarely encountered by those in the study sample, most participants assumed that other PR-journalists face such conflicts often, and expressed concern that these conflicts are not handled professionally.     

Good work? Sustainable work and sustainable development: a critical gender perspective from the Global North

ABSTRACT

Work has just recently been recognized as an important topic in the discourse of development. But often it stays unclear how work is related to issues of gender equality, an indispensable goal of sustainable development from its start. The article explores how gender and work is addressed in three approaches to work and sustainable development, which are currently discussed in the German language literature on this topic: in the current mainstream concept of the green economy and green jobs, in alternative concepts of degrowth or postgrowth societies and in eco-feminist concepts of caring societies. The critical discussion of these approaches leads to the argument that a fundamental reassessment and reorganization of the critical society-nature relationship and consequently a new conceptualization of sustainable work is needed.     

国外王尔德喜剧研究述评

国外王尔德喜剧研究大致可以分为三个阶段:1892～1899年为第一个阶段,这一阶段的王尔德喜剧评论散见于英国各种报刊,反映了同时代人对王尔德喜剧的看法;1900～1969年为第二个阶段,重视文本、注重比较研究是此阶段的主要研究特点;1970年迄今为第三个阶段,在这一阶段的王尔德喜剧研究中,人们注重宏观研究,开始较多地运用新的文学批评方法。     

医学生就业心理误区及调适

完成长达五年的医科学业,进入人才市场求职择业,是大学生们人生的重大转折。面对日益激烈的高校毕业生就业市场,莘莘学子容易走入心理误区,从而影响他们顺利就业。文章在问卷调查的基础上,对医学生的各种就业心理误区及其成因进行了剖析,并提出了帮助医学生走出心理误区的方法。