对传播技术作用力的社会学认识

以印刷技术、广播电视技术、网络技术为代表的传播技术的发明与应用, 对人类社会发展的各个方面都产生了巨大作用。从历史与现实来看, 传播技术不仅规约着新闻传播行为自身的走向, 对人的思维方式、行为方式乃至社会变迁, 都产生着重大影响。人文社会科学工作者在文化传播研究中, 应为技术要素的社会作用力多一些“人文关怀”。对技术的态度, 一方面要警惕技术决定论, 另一方面也不能简单移用西方批判理论对技术片面指责。特别是在当今中国, 作为一个后发外生型现代化国家, 技术的“缺席”仍是困扰我们快速发展的“瓶颈”。科学态度     

Narratives of Promise,Narratives of Caution: A Review of the Literature on Social Impact Bonds

Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) are a new mechanism for delivering public services. This article reviews the emerging SIB literature in high‐income settings. It identifies three distinct narratives: a public sector reform narrative; a financial sector reform narrative; and a cautionary narrative. These are analyzed relative to three themes: public versus private values; outcomes contracting; and risk allocation. The first two narratives are complementary and offer a ‘win‐win’ portrayal of SIBs. The third narrative challenges this dominant commentary by highlighting potential risks. There is limited empirical evidence on active SIBs to support these narratives. SIBs may have the potential to align public and private interests while improving outcomes for people affected by entrenched social problems, but this is yet to be established and appears less probable than the third more cautionary narrative. More empirical research is needed to consider the potential risks, drawbacks, benefits and alternatives of SIBs in different settings.     

Sensitivity analyses for clustered data: An illustration from a large-scale clustered randomized controlled trial in education

In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of conducting well-thought-out sensitivity analyses for handling clustered data (data in which individuals are grouped into higher order units, such as students in schools) that arise from cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This is particularly relevant given the rise in rigorous impact evaluations that use cluster randomized designs across various fields including education, public health and social welfare. Using data from a recently completed cluster RCT of a school-based teacher professional development program, we demonstrate our use of four commonly applied methods for analyzing clustered data. These methods include: (1) hierarchical linear modeling (HLM); (2) feasible generalized least squares (FGLS); (3) generalized estimating equations (GEE); and (4) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with cluster-robust (Huber–White) standard errors. We compare our findings across each method, showing how inconsistent results – in terms of both effect sizes and statistical significance – emerged across each method and our analytic approach to resolving such inconsistencies.     

中阿合作论坛的成就及发展趋势

中阿合作论坛的成立是中阿关系近50年来最重要的事件之一。本文通过笔者与多位阿拉伯国家驻华大使、“论坛”相关人士、中国学者间的直接对话,以及对“论坛”文献资料和数据的分析研究,回顾了“论坛”自2004年成立以来取得的成就,考察了“论坛”的成立对中阿关系的构建、发展、深化互信的影响,评估了“论坛”机制的成效。本文对“论坛”未来的发展提出了若干建议,认为中阿双方都应将中阿合作论坛当作引领中阿全面伙伴关系的重要机制和战略举措,借助这一机制和平台,全面贯彻、落实并推进中国的“一带一路”战略。     

“学”与“工”:社会角色的错位与回归——校外兼职对大学生学业的影响研究

校外"兼职"是当代大学生的热门话题,更是在校大学生的普遍性行动。然而,"盲目兼职"和"兼职过度"给大学生的学业带来了严重的负面影响,造成了其主导角色的错位和失败。因此,树立"理性兼职"理念,从"主观认知"和"时间控制"等方面把握兼职合理性,并实现大学生主导角色的"合理"回归与重构十分必要。     

外地大学生留沪选择影响因素与思维过程分析

非沪籍大学毕业生留沪的影响因素主要可概括为社会因素、他人因素和自我因素。在社会因素中,发展机遇因素极大地促进了外地大学生作出留下的选择,而由于语言不通导致的交往困难却对留沪产生了较大的抑制作用。他人和自我因素则有比较明显的差异性,通过社会、他人、自我三条路径对非沪籍毕业生留沪选择的思维发展过程进行分析发现,这一过程是单向线型的,并且这种思维带有一定的可预判性。不同因素的合力作用引导了留沪思维的"走向"并最终决定受访者留沪或离沪。     

流动还是留守:流动人口子女随迁的选择性 及其影响因素分析

要解决留守儿童离开父母成长而带来的种种问题,最重要的是提供有利条件让流动人口子女跟随父母迁移。要进一步为留守儿童提供保护和保障措施,就要依据迁移规律首先了解什么因素影响流动人口子女随迁;因此,流动人口子女随迁的选择性及其影响因素研究对于政府决策具有重要意义。利用2005年1％人口抽样调查数据度量流动人口安排子女随迁的选择性,发现流动人口自身能否提供子女的物质保障是其决策的最重要因素,另外,流动人口的迁移状况和职业性质也会影响其子女随迁。进一步依据中国人民大学的“北京市1％。流动人口调查”数据,用logistic回归模型阐述儿童自身特征、父母社会经济条件、生活条件和社会身份背景等影响因素的作用,研究发现,母亲是否外出、父母外出时间、儿童就学难易程度、住房条件、生活成本是流动人口子女是否随迁最主要的影响因素。     

Social Work Research in the Field of Disability in Australia: A Scoping Review*

Although in Australia disability is receiving unprecedented attention with the rollout of major reforms, the body of research on disability to inform policy and practice has been found “not fit for purpose”. This scoping review of empirical research papers published by Australian social work authors between 2007 and 2015 investigated the quantity, nature, and scope of social work research on disability in Australia. We found a steady growth, an annual average of 13.8 papers, and a total of 124. Social work disability research makes a distinctive contribution; it is contextualised in service systems or policy, has a greater focus on community and civic participation and social relationships, and concentrates on adults, with either intellectual disability or traumatic brain injury. These research strengths provide foundations for building the profession’s research capacity and informing its practice and contribution to the multidisciplinary field of disability.

IMPLICATIONS

• Service system reform is increasing engagement of social workers with people with disabilities, yet disability has a low profile in the profession.

• Social work disability research has strengths in understanding service systems, social relationships, and strategies for social and civic participation, particularly with adults with cognitive disabilities.

• Increased attention to disability in qualifying and higher degree programs will better prepare students for complex practice and develop the distinctive contribution of social work research in this interdisciplinary field.

     

环境影响评价制度比较研究

环境影响评价制度作为环境保护法中一项重要的法律制度 ,得到许多国家的高度重视。美国、加拿大、日本的环境影响评价制度在立法、评价对象及公众参与等方面有自身的特色。我国的环境影响评价起步较晚 ,存在不完善之处 ,突出表现为 :立法缺乏、执法不力、公众参与机制欠缺。因而既立足本国 ,又积极借鉴国外的先进因素 ,完善我国的环境影响评价制度已成当务之急。首先 ,树立环境影响评价理念 ;其次 ,本着维护法制统一与从实际出发的原则 ,完善环境影响评价立法 ;再次 ,建立有效的公众广泛参与机制     

浅析美国次贷危机对中国经济的影响及启示

始于2007年2月的美国次贷危机,目前已经演变为席卷美国、影响全世界的金融危机。中国作为一个正在积极融入世界经济和金融体系的国家,自然也无法置身事外。为抵御国际经济环境对我国的不利影响,必须采取灵活审慎的宏观经济政策,以应对复杂多变的形势。此外,还要用科学的发展观认识这场危机,使这场世界性的金融危机成为中国经济发展的一次历史性机遇。