徐志摩与罗素的交游及其所受影响

徐志摩1920年离美赴英求学的真正原因不是为师从罗素,而是想追随政治学家拉斯基.徐志摩最终没能够拜罗素为师,也不是因为罗素为了反战和离婚已经被剑桥大学"除名".罗素1921年是主动辞职离开剑桥,与反战和离婚无关.徐志摩于1920年10月与罗素建立联系,当时伦敦英国华人协会、剑桥邪学社分别邀请罗素夫妇发表演讲,徐志摩都是积极的参与者;由于徐志摩的穿针引线,梁启超的英文著作得以纳入由罗素担任学术顾问的"心理学、哲学与科学方法国际文库".徐志摩还著文研究了罗素的政治观、中国观,以及儿童教育思想,这些文章反映了徐志摩对罗素思想的认识及所受影响.     

试论地理环境对古代壮族社会发展的影响

地理环境对社会发展起着重要的作用,尤其是在人类利用自然条件技术和手段相对有限的古代。壮族生存的地理环境并不优越,自然条件相对恶劣,特别是在瘴气广泛分布的古代,在缺乏有效防治手段的情况下,对瘴气的认识更是成为对壮族地区的地域和族群歧视。地理环境对壮族古代社会发展产生了重要的影响,集中表现在经济、政治制度以及文化等方面。     

Great Expectatrics: Great Papers,Great Journals,Great Econometrics

The article discusses alternative Research Assessment Measures (RAM), with an emphasis on the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science database (hereafter ISI). Some analysis and comparisons are also made with data from the SciVerse Scopus database. The various RAM that are calculated annually or updated daily are defined and analyzed, including the classic 2-year impact factor (2YIF), 2YIF without journal self-citations (2YIF*), 5-year impact factor (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Impact Factor Inflation (IFI), Self-citation Threshold Approval Rating (STAR), Eigenfactor score, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, Zinfluence, and PI-BETA (Papers Ignored – By Even The Authors). The RAM are analyzed for 10 leading econometrics journals and 4 leading statistics journals. The application to econometrics can be used as a template for other areas in economics, for other scientific disciplines, and as a benchmark for newer journals in a range of disciplines. In addition to evaluating high quality research in leading econometrics journals, the paper also compares econometrics and statistics, alternative RAM, highlights the similarities and differences of the alternative RAM, finds that several RAM capture similar performance characteristics for the leading econometrics and statistics journals, while the new PI-BETA criterion is not highly correlated with any of the other RAM, and hence conveys additional information regarding RAM, highlights major research areas in leading journals in econometrics, and discusses some likely future uses of RAM, and shows that the harmonic mean of 13 RAM provides more robust journal rankings than relying solely on 2YIF.     

Collective Impact: A Review of the Peer-reviewed Research

ABSTRACT

Collective Impact (CI) is a framework for collaborative social change that has gained considerable attention over the past seven years. In this article we review the peer-reviewed academic research on the CI framework to understand what is known about its use. Nineteen articles were located. We identified four themes in the research: A need to adapt CI to the specific context, its technical nature, the importance of relationships, and concerns about power and equity. The literature on the CI framework is in its infancy and as such tends to focus on capacity building or model development. Whilst CI promotes important discussion about collaboration and social change, issues of power, equity and grass-roots engagement require further attention.

IMPLICATIONS

• Peer reviewed academic research on the application of CI is at an early stage and further research is needed.

• Social workers should carefully consider critiques of CI before adopting this framework for social change.

     

People,Pipelines, and Probabilities: Clarifying Significance and Uncertainty in Environmental Impact Assessments

Determinations of significance play a pivotal role in environmental impact assessments because they point decision makers to the predicted effects of an action most deserving of attention and further study. Impact predictions are always subject to uncertainty because they rely on estimates of future consequences. Yet uncertainty is often neglected or treated in a perfunctory manner as part of the characterization, evaluation, and communication of anticipated consequences and their significance. Proposals to construct fossil fuel pipelines in North America provide a highly visible example; casual treatment of how uncertainty affects significance determinations has resulted in poorly informed stakeholders, frustrated industry proponents, and inconsistent choices on the part of public decision makers. Using environmental assessments for recent pipeline proposals as examples, we highlight five ways in which uncertainty is often neglected when determining impact significance and suggest that a mix of known methods, new guidelines, and appropriate oversight could greatly improve current practices.     

Evaluation of Embedded Intelligent Real‐time Systems*

Over the past two decades, questions have surfaced about the effectiveness and contribution of intelligent systems to decision makers in a variety of settings. This paper focuses on the evaluation challenges associated with intelligent real‐time software systems that are embedded in larger host systems. With the proliferation of such systems in operational settings such as aerospace, medical, manufacturing, and transportation systems, increased attention to evaluations of such systems, and to resulting software safety, is warranted. This paper describes one such evaluation and proposes a set of evaluation criteria for embedded intelligent real‐time systems (EIRTS). Implications of the evaluation and the evaluation criteria are discussed.     

危机事件社会影响的评估和应对

随着我国经济社会的发展,危机事件社会影响的评估与应对越来越重要.危机事件的社会影响大小与事件属性和环境属性有关.事件属性包括人员伤亡与潜在受影响人数;环境属性包括事件结束后时长、媒体报道强度和类似事件发生频率.为降低危机事件的负面社会影响,需要建立整合的危机事件危机信息发布模式,并建立由政府、非政府组织、社区、家庭、公众等各社会成员共同分担责任的多主体社会救助网络体系,寻求全社会的广泛参与.     

“政教合一”的儒家思想对中国现代大学制度的影响

"政教合一"的儒家思想作为我国封建社会政治文化的核心内涵,对中国传统教育产生了极为深刻的影响,进而影响了一个多世纪以来我国现代大学制度理念的塑建和培育,使我国近代高等教育在借鉴和移植西方大学制度过程中始终具有民族文化的个性内核.研究和分析它对我国现代大学制度的影响,有助于更好地理解我国现代大学制度变革过程中的路径选择和价值取向.     

论卢梭社会契约及民主思想的演变与影响

卢梭的社会契约论及民主思想是西方政治文化传统的重要组成部分,它曾经因功利主义思想的诞生和蔓延而受到抑制。康德为社会契约的道德原则提供了纯粹理性的论证,黑格尔对个人主义的批判则直接威胁了社会契约的理论基础。罗尔斯对社会契约理论和民主思想的重新修正,使其摒弃了超验主义色彩,呈现出程序性和工具性的特点。马克思和恩格斯批判性地继承和发扬了社会契约理论和民主思想,卢梭的社会契约和民主思想在美国和中国革命时期也发挥了重大的作用。社会契约论思想并没有随着社会的发展而沦为一种单纯的历史遗迹。     

人文社会科学学术成果跨界影响力研究

学术成果的跨界影响力评价在基金立项、科研管理、学科建设和学术评审等领域有着广泛的应用前景。不同于学术深度评价,它是对学术广度交叉规律的认识。其中跨界关系强度矩阵是跨界影响力研究的关键。以人文社会科学学术成果的跨界影响力数据模型为切入点,基于读者、作者通过文献搜索所建立的学术跨界联系,本文探讨了几种跨界关系矩阵模式发现算法,比较了三种前沿统计网络估计方法在跨界影响力上的应用。实证研究表明,这些算法具有稳定和快速的特点,在人文社会科学跨机构和跨学科关系研究方面得到了有益的结果。