论政府的理性与社会政策面向

当前,我国日渐成熟完善的市场与日益扩大的政府干预产生了“共生现象”,而市场与政府失灵的问题也成为社会转型背景下社会政策主体面向尤为关键的问题。本文认为市场和政府失灵的实质是资源性配置的问题,如果我们无视政府功能的限度,政府必然失灵,也必然不能真正消除政府失灵。我们目前不能也没有必要在政府和市场之间选择,更没有必要争议“纯福利”还是“准市场”的价值体现,我们必须重申“政府理性”,也必须尝试一种新的社会政策面向,实现政府与市场的有效功能组合。本文认为政府理性就是一种公民社会路径下的政府公共理性。面向的是社会的公共利益和据此做出的社会政策面向。就是说,政府除了面向商业部门购买服务而发挥市场的力量之外,需要所谓“视界向下的革命”,不断拓展社区面向和非政府组织面向,从而实施有效的资源动员与政策执行。     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

Amemiya's generalized least squares and tests of overidentification in simultaneous equation models with qualitative or limited dependent variables

Amemiya's generalized least squares method for the estimation of simultaneous equation modeis with qualitative or limited dependent variables is known to be efficient relative to many popular two stage estimators. This note points out that test statistics for overidentification restrictions can be obtained as by-products of Amerniya's generalized least squares procedure. Amemiya's procedure is shown to be a minimum chisquare method. The Amemiya procedure is valuable both for efficient estimation and for model evaluation of such models.     

《宋代登科总录》与宋代状元研究

《宋代登科总录》收录了大量宋代状元文献,通过统计分析可以确定,除118 位文科状元外,宋代还诞生了72位武科状元、12位贡士及第状元. 宋代文状元有近八成来自于低层官员与平民家庭,与唐代形成极大反差,折射出科举考试对整个社会政治的深刻影响. 宋代武科状元仕途不显,而文科状元中近六成曾在政府机构中担任宰执与侍从官等重要职务,这既是国家“右文”政策导向的结果,也验证了科举取士在人才流动方面的推动作用.     

个人所得税减免有助于中国城镇家庭提高消费吗?

预期效应的准确识别往往是政策评估的重点和难点。本文基于中国城镇住户调查2010-2012年月度数据研究发现:第一,2011年6月底个人所得税法修正案获得通过时,工薪家庭消费便已显著增加,并在2011年9月正式实施时达到最大,随后逐步下降,两个月后达到较高稳态(约为0. 20),但在统计意义上并不显著。与既往研究不同,这说明税收减免只在短期提高家庭消费,忽略家庭预期将会导致减税效应低估。第二,家庭增加的支出以服务消费和食物消费为主,耐用消费和债务支出并未显著调整,这可能与减免力度有关。第三,与常规认知不同,政策边际消费倾向更多地随着减税率(而非收入水平或者流动率)增加单调递减。本文通过改进Kueng(2018)所提理论模型,对此进行了解释。     

Simple systems for computer-aided production management

Future production concepts where workshop employees responsibly carry through planning and scheduling tasks call for new principles ofcomputer-aided production management (CAPM). With the aid of a critical analysis ofdifferent planning and scheduling mechanisms it will first be laid down why the field of computer-aided production management is suited for a dialogue-oriented planning support based on simple models rather than for the objective of automation with the aid of refined optimization algorithms. Consequently, an alternative design is proposed. This is a prototypically realized concept aiming at computer-aided support of production management of production teams.     

对实行强制火灾公众责任保险的几点思考

随着经济的不断发展、城市规模的不断扩大,我国的火灾形势日趋严峻,重特大火灾尤其是群死群伤恶性火灾事故屡屡发生,给人民的生命财产安全和社会稳定造成了严重的危害。而作为火灾后对受害人最重要的救济途径即责任保险制度还不完善,本文就如何建立健全强制性火灾公众责任保险制度及其必要性和可行性、社会意义、推进措施和风险控制等方面进行了论述和思考,以期能够说明和解决一些实际问题。     

Information Systems Adaptation and the Successful Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies*

Few plants have initial success with advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs), and adaptations are commonly required after installing new technologies. We especially know little about the outcomes of adaptations that manufacturers regularly employ in the context of AMTs. Sociotechnical theory and the technology literature suggest that AMTs commonly require four types of adaptations including those to process technologies, human resources, operational structures, and information systems. This study investigates which of these four adaptations and their interactions lead to improved operational performance. Data were collected on 104 plants that implemented a single type of manufacturing AMT. Findings indicate that information systems (IS) adaptation during the course of AMT implementation was the most important action. Surprisingly, human resource and process technology adaptations were linked to lower performance, and no interactions had any clear effects. The results also show that practitioners underestimated the relevance of IS adaptations during contemporary or “second-generation” AMT implementation projects and overemphasized the need for shop floor changes.     

On the strategic project management process in the UK upstream oil and gas sector

This paper reports on an investigation into strategic project management in the UK upstream oil and gas sector. The management process is represented by a set of elements which covers context, content and output and are balanced across financial, internal business, external environment, and learning and innovation perspectives. The paper uncovers elements that appear to explain successful project management and compares these with the elements to which managers pay greatest attention. There appears to be a mismatch between those elements which are associated with success and those receiving significant management attention.     

大整数分解的多个多项式二次筛法及其微机实现

通过讨论Silverman提出的多个多项式二次筛法（MPOS），提出了MPQS的计算步骤，并在486微机上实现了MPQS．