Perceived facilitators and barriers to saving among low-income youth

Asset-based social welfare programs focus on helping low- to moderate-income citizens to accumulate wealth in the form of homeownership, savings, small businesses, and higher education. Individual development accounts, savings accounts in which account holders’ deposits are matched, are a vehicle often used in these programs. In a national demonstration of individual development accounts for children (children's savings accounts), low-income youth were interviewed to learn what helped them to save and what made it difficult to save. We describe the young people's perceptions of these factors, and conclude with implications for policy and program design.     

基于logistic模型的外来人口婚姻迁移的影响因素分析——以珠三角某地区为例

婚姻迁移是人口迁移的一个方面,且增多趋势愈见明显。动机研究是人口迁移相对集中的关注问题。但是关于以迁入地为基点对婚姻迁移的影响因素分析相对较少。本文试图以某地区为例,研究其外来人口中婚姻迁移行为发生的影响因素,主要包括个人、户籍、经济、就业和城市适应五大因素,并引入logistic模型对测量变量进行统计分析。结果表明,个人因素对婚姻迁移的贡献最大,除了就业因素外,其他因素的贡献相似。尤其指出的是随着外来人口的城市适应程度提高,婚姻迁移的可能性将会增加。由此说明,外来人口城市生活的再社会化程度将为他们的社会融合奠定基础。     

Statistical evaluation of individual bioequivalence

Drug switchability requires the evidence of individual bioequivalence which -refers to the comparison of the closeness between the two distributions of the pharmacokinetic (PK) responses from the same subject obtained under the repeated administrations of the test and reference formulations. Advantages and drawbacks of the current statistical procedures for assessment of individual bioequivalence are discussed with emphasis on the aggregate-based criteria, An intersection-union test based on disaggregate criteria is proposed for the evaluation of individual bioequivalence. In addition, a modified aggregated criterion is suggested to overcome the drawbacks suffered by aggregate criteria. The relationships among different criteria are examined, and the performance of the procedures will be compared. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed procedures.     

Neuroticism,locus of control,type A behaviour pattern and occupational stress

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual differences in personality and susceptibility to stress in the workplace. Stress in lecturers employed by a computer training organization was assessed by means of self-report and measurement of salivary cortisol output during lecturing and non-lecturing weeks. Neuroticism, Type A behaviour pattern and locus of control were measured. Self-reported stress was found to be much greater during lecturing weeks, but cortisol levels were unaffected by working conditions. There was a significant positive correlation between neuroticism and locus of control and a negative correlation between locus of control and Type A behaviour pattern that approached significance. Multiple regression was employed to explore relations between personality and stress. Subjects with lower neuroticism scores yielded a bigger increase in reported stress, in the lecturing compared with the non-lecturing week, than subjects with high neuroticism scores. Type B subjects showed a progressive decrease in cortisol over the working week while Type A counterparts showed a resurgence of cortisol towards the end of the week. Finally, Type B subjects having an internal locus of control showed a faster decline in cortisol level during the lecturing week than the other subjects. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the importance simultaneously incorporating a variety of individual differences in personality dimensions and stress indices in research designs.     

Understanding the emergence of redistributed manufacturing: an ambidexterity perspective

Abstract

This paper extends operations strategy theory on efficiency and flexibility trade-offs to the emergent phenomenon of redistributed manufacturing (RDM). The study adopts a multiple-case design including five small and five large pharmaceutical firms. We propose that organizations can gain the efficiency benefits of centralized manufacturing and the flexibility advantages of RDM by building an ambidexterity capability. To build such a capability, large firms can structurally partition their manufacturing and supply management functions, with one sub-unit managing centralized production and the other RDM. Smaller enterprises can build an ambidexterity capability by creating the right organizational context, where multi-skilled workers switch between efficient and flexible tasks. This paper contributes to theory by explaining the emergence of RDM using an organizational ambidexterity lens, laying the groundwork for new theory development in the field. We provide managers with a practical example of how to build an ambidexterity capability to realize flexibility and efficiency advantages.     

论消费社会中的个体身份认同——以乔治·佩雷克的小说《物》为例

乔治·佩雷克的第一部小说《物》常被界定为写实小说,但是仅从它的篇幅便可看出佩雷克的真正用意并不是在深入剖析消费社会的机制,而是在探求人的个体意识。通过探讨小说主人公的欲望、行动与其内心的虚无感之间的关系可以窥见他们如何在消费社会中努力寻求个体身份认同以及作品所体现的现实意义。     

西化与乡建——陈序经的乡村建设观与乡建论战

本文主要探讨全盘西化的代表人物陈序经的乡村建设观。在20世纪30年代乡村运动接近尾声之际,陈序经秉其西化立场对乡建运动展开激烈的、全面否定式的批判,并提出了以工业化为前提、以都市化为起点的正面主张。本文在论述陈序经乡村建设观及其引起的乡建论战的基础上,对陈序经乡建观的得失作了进一步分析。     

回任支持对双元性创新的影响研究

以跨国公司的回任人员为研究对象,实证研究回任支持对双元性创新的影响,探讨知识转移和自我效能在上述关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用,并检验有调节的中介效应.层次回归分析结果表明:回任支持对知识转移具有显著的正向影响,知识转移对开发性创新和探索性创新具有显著的正向影响;知识转移在回任支持与开发性创新和探索性创新之间起中介作用,但中介效应有所差异,在回任支持与开发性创新之间起部分中介作用,而在回任支持与探索性创新之间起完全中介作用;自我效能在回任支持与知识转移之间起调节作用.拔靴法分析结果表明:自我效能越强,知识转移在回任支持与开发性创新和探索性创新之间所起的中介效应就越强.     

全球化时代的个人:自由、危机与责任

全球化时代的个人存在状态发生了重大变化。个人活动已经在很大程度上突破了时间、空间的局限 ,个人真正成为世界性的、普遍的个人 ,个人的“独立性”自由得到空前扩展。同时 ,个人自由的扩展也给整个人类的存在带来危机。因此 ,全球化时代的个体必须领悟当代人类的存在状态 ,达致一种个人活动的规范 ,树立并履践人类的责任意识。     

中小企业组织二元性对企业绩效的影响机制研究

尽管组织二元性强调同时进行的探索和利用有互补作用,但中小企业囿于自身资源的稀缺,同时追求高程度的探索和利用也会加剧资源负担并造成内部混乱,中小企业组织二元性对企业绩效的作用机制在现有研究中并未得到一致的结论。此外,组织二元性中的探索和利用被分别应用于技术领域和市场领域,而系统结合这两个领域的研究相对缺乏。通过引入跨领域二元性这一概念,基于197家中小企业的样本数据发现：第一,中小企业专业化、跨领域二元性显著地正向影响企业绩效;第二,市场领域二元性显著地负向影响企业绩效;第三,技术二元性对企业绩效的作用并不显著。回归系数的Wald检验进一步阐明了中小企业面临探索和利用矛盾时的战略选择框架。