有关成长的记忆痛史——评苏童《河岸》和陈家桥《少年王》

自从20世纪50年代以来公共性的集体生活便开始干预我们的个体记忆,而有关传统生活话语的记忆并未隐退,三者一直存在着一种复杂纠缠关系。《河岸》与《少年王》都是不久前文坛关于“文革”历史或者后“文革”历史书写的新作,两部作品都突破了先前文坛的“文革”叙事范式,更侧重于对历史掩映下的个体记忆、传统记忆以及集体记忆三者之间的关...     

臣民·群众·公民——个体政治角色变迁与中国现代国家成长

现代国家的成长,在某种程度上意味着个体政治角色的现代性变迁。就西方而言,与现代国家成长相伴随的是,由臣民直接到公民的个体政治角色变迁过程。而中国是在西方现代国家的入侵挑战下才被动进行现代国家建构的,因而在中国现代国家的成长过程中,个体政治角色却是由臣民到群众再到公民这一变迁轨迹。     

面向流浪乞讨人员的小额救助金资产社会政策设计

流浪乞讨人员小额救助金,是面向农村流动人口因打工困境流浪乞讨的一项资产社会政策。该政策通过设立小额救助金个人发展账户,实施政府资金援助,资金分为救助基本金与救助配套金两个部分。规范个人资产账户的申请、运行、积累,促进小额救助金与农村最低生活保障金之间的过渡,完善多种援助方式,杜绝依赖甚至骗取等不良求助行为等,是设置小额救助金限制条件的一些制度。授权于个人的救助资金,对鼓励能力开发、工作挣钱、自立自助、形成个人的财富积累,引导摆脱对流浪乞讨生活的依赖等,具有积极意义。     

唯物史观中“个人”概念的三维递进生成路径

"个人"是马克思恩格斯哲学中的一个重要概念。在一定意义上,这一概念是唯物史观建构的基础性概念。然而,学术界多在社会性维度下阐释这一概念,也即把"个人"放在其与社会的辩证关系中进行理解,对"个人"概念的理解存在着认识上的偏差和不足。马克思恩格斯的"个人"概念应该包含这样两层内涵:其一,社会性的"个人"是马克思恩格斯哲学中"个人"概念的主要维度;其二,自然性的、社会性的和关系性的"个人"是依次递展的三个维度。只有将这两个方面结合起来,才能揭示出马克思恩格斯哲学中"个人"概念的真实历史面向。     

‘I Don't Just Want to Do It for Myself’: Diverse Pespectives on Being Successful at University by Social Work Students Who Speak English as an Additional Language

This article gives attention to furthering understandings about what being successful at university means to social work students, focusing on the perspectives of students who speak English as an additional language (EAL). It departs from approaches in the literature that focus on problematic aspects of teaching and learning. The article is informed by data from a small-scale focus group study of nine students from an undergraduate and a postgraduate social work programme in a South Australian university. Drawing on a methodological approach known as ‘Appreciative Inquiry’, students were asked how they conceptualise, experience and imagine success at university. The study found that students’ understandings of success are inextricably intertwined with their individual, family and community aspirations. These findings are discussed in the light of current dominant assumptions about the notion of success and possible directions for future research and implications for social work education.     

Population fluctuation and persistence of one-host–two-parasitoid systems depending on resource distribution: from parasitizing behavior to population dynamics

Population dynamics and variability were examined in one-host–two-parasitoid experimental systems with different resource distributions: resource-clumped and resource-sparse conditions. The system consists of a seed beetle host, Callosobruchus chinensis, and two parasitoid wasps, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Pteromalidae) and Heterospilus prosopidis (Braconidae). In the resource-clumped condition, suitable hosts for parasitism (the late fourth-instar larvae and pupae) were clumped in 1 large resource patch, but they were scattered evenly among 16 small patches in the resource-sparse condition. Population censuses were conducted at 10-day intervals in long-term cultures, renewing 10 g of azuki beans (Vigna angularis). In both resource conditions, the first period was a single-species system of C. chinensis only, and A. calandrae was added in the second period. The one-host–one-parasitoid system with C. chinensis and A. calandrae showed stable population dynamics with small fluctuations. After addition of H. prosopidis in the third period, two of three replicates persisted to day 800 in each resource condition, although one replicate in each went to extinction at an immediate outbreak of the H. prosopidis population after the introduction. Population variabilities of C. chinensis and H. prosopidis were significantly higher and the mean population size of A. calandrae was significantly smaller in the resource-sparse condition than that in the resource-clumped one. A short-term experiment on parasitism efficiencies revealed that H. prosopidis parasitized significantly more at a low host density in the resource-sparse condition than in the resource-clumped one. Mutual interference of H. prosopidis was weak enough at low parasitoid densities but became abruptly stronger with high densities. Providing fresh hosts in a mixture of already parasitized ones, host-searching behaviors of a parasitoid were recorded by video for 3 h and were compared between the two wasp species. H. prosopidis could parasitize fresh hosts more efficiently than A. calandrae through frequent long-distance walks (walking to distant beans at one bout or outside a clump of beans with hosts and back soon on a distant bean of the clump) after reencounters with parasitized hosts. Considering all the experimental results, populations were judged to be more fragile and more likely to go to extinction in the resource-sparse condition than in the resource-clumped one. A higher attacking efficiency of H. prosopidis destabilized population dynamics more in the resource-sparse condition. Received: December 23, 1998 / Accepted: January 20, 1999     

对民法本位的新审思——从民法基本原则及价值谈起

民法基本原则含效力贯穿于民法始终的根本准则及具有一定宣示价值的特别规则中。公平原则是民法基本原则中的核心原则。近、现代民法价值取向的特征分别是安定性和妥当性 ,它们的主要价值取向都是公平和秩序。民法本位是民法的根本指归。近、现民法本位未变 ,即都是权利本位、个人本位。个人本位比权利本位更为本原 ,称其为民为本位 ,则更确切。可在广义社会法下的经济法等和其它行政法中确定社会本位乃至国家本位。民法本位是民法的出发点 ,民法价值是民法的归结点 ,均蕴含并体现在民法基本原则中。     

试论收入分配制度改革与和谐社会建设

改革以来,由于制度不完善,我国收入分配领域存在差距过大,分配不公等问题,成为和谐社会建设的重要制约。建设社会主义和谐社会,需要从市场初次分配、政府主导的再分配以及社会第三次分配等领域深化改革,通过完善分配制度实现充分就业、规范税收体系、调整政府财政支出结构等手段,实现兼顾公平与效率的分配结构,实现社会公平、公正,建设和谐社会。     

浅谈债权人在债务重组中的实际损失

债务重组是当代社会解决债务纠纷的主要方法之一。从会计谨慎性原则及现代财务管理的资金时间价值观念考虑,由于重组的方式不同,债权人重组的损失包括直接损失和间接损失两部分。直接损失是指以低于账面价值的现金清偿某项债务和修改其他债务条件时将来应收金额低于重组债权账面价值时的损失;间接损失包括延期收款引起的利息损失、债务重组日后的或有损失以及用以抵债的非现金资产或股本的公允价值低于重组债务的账面价值时的损失。     

个性二语素质衡量标准研究

根据语言素质的概念与构成理论,结合个性大学英语教学大纲精神提出个性二语素质衡量标准的基本模式:(L%+C%)M%+W。这一动态、开放、兼具稳定性和灵活性的模式的实施应以全面、科学的需求分析为基础,确定不同专业学生所需的二语语言素质总目标水平,用于指导高校二语教学总目标的确立、教学大纲的制定、课程体系的构建以及二语教学评价和测试,确保总教学目标水平的顺利实现。此模式迎合素质教育的要求,既体现高校二语教育的共核,又强调不同专业学生二语语言素质结构中的差异,具有较强的可操作性。