The 'Pygmalion Syndrome': The Case of Mizrachi Lesbians in Israel

This article examines the mobilization of a lesbian identity in Israeli society by Mizrachi lesbians as a means to reach individual mobility through establishing social contacts with educated well-off professional Ashkenazi women. Based on interviews with ethnic lesbians living in steady relationships with educated professional women of the dominant group and with some of their partners, this study investigates how Mizrachi lesbians shoulder aside their distinctive features while mobilizing their lesbian identity as a means to establish connections, gain acceptance in the lesbian community, get better jobs, and succeed in schooling. Upon both professional and personal success, Mizrachi lesbians come to terms with their origins, redefine their identity components, and form a distinctive ethnic-lesbian identity to be supported with a strong ideology. While the obliteration of ethnic traits in favor of acceptance in the lesbian community allows mobility on a personal basis, it reinforces the invisibility of ethnic lesbians and reproduces the power relations between dominant and ethnic groups in Israel.     

Risk and Social Work Practice

Abstract

Risk assessment and risk management have emerged as central organising principles for an increasing number of health and welfare programs. As a consequence, the language, technologies and imperatives of risk have assumed considerable prominence in the practice of many social workers. The present paper addresses three significant and contemporary explanations for the rise of risk in the day-to-day work of many social workers. In the context of these approaches, the paper examines some of the challenges risk presents to professional and ethical social work practice. Four issues with particular meanings and impacts for social work are discussed, namely the priority of risk over need, changing professional roles, relocation of responsibility to individuals, and the culture of blame.     

Career trajectory in high school dropouts

This study considers the career trajectories of high school dropouts, which has been given little attention to in the literature. Considering worker heterogeneity for individuals who do not complete high school, we estimate possible career trajectories and investigate the traits related with the decision to drop out. Using latent class growth analysis, three kinds of career trajectories are identified: dead-end, stepping-stone, and advancing careers. Although the majority of dropouts are in the dead-end careers, about 30% are in the process of escaping low-status jobs through acquiring work experience. Individual traits, such as gender, race, and cognitive ability, as well as home computer access are significantly related to the different types of career trajectories.     

平衡开发式创新和探索式创新一定有利于提升企业绩效吗?

在日益动态的商业环境下,平衡开发式创新和探索式创新是企业兼顾当前和未来竞争所必须重视的问题。现有研究过度强调了同时重视开发式创新和探索式创新的二元平衡的价值,假设二元平衡是对任何企业都普遍适用的,但实证检验的结果却并非如此。本研究注意到资源紧缺条件对企业开发式创新和探索式创新平衡战略的影响,发展了资源紧缺条件下中国企业开发式创新和探索式创新的平衡理论,指出,开发式创新和探索式创新的平衡策略不仅有二元平衡,还有间断平衡,究竟哪种策略有效取决于企业资源约束条件决定的开发式创新和探索式创新之间究竟是正交关系还是竞争关系起主导作用。最后,本研究以新创企业和成熟企业的大规模调查数据的比较性实证研究证实了本文的主要理论假设。     

基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理研究

本研究从心理学的调节焦点理论切入,构建了基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理模型。具体探讨领导的行为示范、语言框架及反馈,通过对个体调节焦点与群体共享调节焦点两个层面的共同引导,进而影响下属创造力的作用过程。本研究将丰富并厘清人们对领导提升下属创造力的影响路径与作用规律的认识,并为领导通过日常管理来激发下属创造力提供借鉴与指导。     

经验与超越——马克思和马丁·布伯的关系范畴比较

关系范畴是马克思和马丁·布伯共同重视的哲学范畴。二人的差异体现在理论立场、思维方式、实现过程、承担主体以及价值诉求等方面。马克思哲学的关系范畴是基于生产的、经验性的,更侧重于社会关系;布伯的关系范畴则是基于信仰的、超验的,更侧重于洞察。     

从个体发展的视角谈民族语言的重要价值

每个民族的语言对本民族个体的思维、性格、气质、情感的发展以及知识体系的形成都具有不可替代的价值,是引导个体认识自己、理解社会和融入世界的一把＂金钥匙＂。然而,随着主流语言与文化对民族语言的冲击以及现代社会工具理性的膨胀,目前社会上盛行＂民族语言没有用＂的狭隘观念,从而使越来越多的民族学生盲目地放弃选择民族学校。本文就从个体发展的视角浅谈民族语言的重要性,希望对人们转变狭隘的语言观和教育观有一定的启示意义。     

农户异质性与团体贷款发展趋势研究——以苏北地区农信社为例

团体贷款机制是小额信贷在国际范围内取得成功的重要原因之一,但是近年来国际上包括最早使用团体贷款机制的孟加拉乡村银行在内的很多小额信贷机构逐步放弃了这种机制,转而采用个人贷款机制。本文以苏北地区农信社的团体贷款为例进行分析,结果表明中国的农村金融机构在实践中也逐步减少使用团体贷款,转而使用个人贷款,同时这种变化趋势在地区间存在明显的差异。实证模型对这种变化趋势的解释为:经济水平的发展使小组成员的经济活动出现异质性,成员之间的借贷需求出现分化,导致金融机构将贷款方式从团体贷款向个人贷款转变。     

Senior centers in the era of the “Third Age:” Country clubs, community centers, or something else?

This study explored how senior center employees conceptualize their work and organizational mission. Unstructured interviews with multiple service providers (N = 32) and participant observation in one center reveal a growing emphasis on selling individualized lifestyles to young, healthy, and active seniors, as opposed to a more communal, intergenerational approach. In interviews, service providers talked about “community” in vague and ambiguous terms. At the same time, the philosophy of some providers was informed by a well-developed discourse of individual choice. In discussing needed resources and future goals, service providers spoke to the difficulty of appealing to different cohorts of seniors, but focused primarily on the needs of young seniors and expressed a desire to combat the “image problem” of senior centers. These trends have potentially negative implications for intergenerational community and the developmental passages of seniors. Nevertheless, centers offer many opportunities for seniors to forge connections and bridge differences, and the study concludes with some suggestions for building on these existing resources.     

梭罗教育哲学思想探究

梭罗是十九世纪美国卓越的哲学家和作家,他的教育哲学思想对美国社会的民主与进步产生了极大影响。在学校管理中,他融人“做中学”思想,并率先采用“方案”教学;他倡导大众教育,即简化物质生活、丰富精神生活;梭罗崇尚思想独立,反对迷信权威。他的教育哲学思想对我国的教育改革有相当的现实意义。