张闻天文化民主思想探究

文化民主是一种文化人权,尊重文化人的个性和文化团体的独立性不仅是政治民主的内在要求,也是文学文艺发展、进步的不竭动力。张闻天文化民主思想与其学习、文艺创作、革命实践密切相关,具体指向(受众)是广大民众,前提条件是文化人创作的自由、自主权,承认和肯定文化团体的自主性;内容上体现反封建、反礼教,提倡个人的平等,创造宽松的文艺生存环境。前瞻性上看,对文化创新创造的政治条件、文化体制的调整和调适指明了方向。     

经典重温的教育学意蕴——在柏拉图与卢梭之间

教育学的发展离不开经典的滋养,需要不断学习经典的教育情怀与建构教育学的方式.笔者从政治哲学的视角出发,重读柏拉图与卢梭的教育思想,对教育学的建构有三重意义:从自然正义到自然权利——教育思想价值取向的转换;从“统一”到“公意”——教育理论思维的传统与创新;从“隐微”到“直白”——教育思想叙述范式的个性化.     

Monitoring Process Variability with Individual Measurements Following Elliptically Contoured Distributions

An exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart of squared distance is developed by means of a double EWMA approach to monitor process dispersion with individual measurements distributed within the class of elliptically symmetric distributions. Several examples highlighting possible extensions of the control chart to multivariate processes are provided. In particular, for multivariate normal processes, an investigation on the detection power of the chart is carried out through Monte Carlo studies. The results show that the proposed control chart performs well, especially when a process has a small or moderate shift.     

Group incentives or individual incentives? A real-effort weak-link experiment

Motivated by previous research on coordination problems and incentive design in organizations, we compare group incentives and individual incentives in a new experimental test-bed: a real-effort task embedding a weak-link technology. Comparing group-incentive and individual-incentive treatments, we find that the observed dynamics of both individual errors and worst performances within firms, after a phase of learning, are largely indistinguishable. Importantly, and possibly explaining our finding, more than 80% of our laboratory firms, notwithstanding initially widespread inefficiency, were eventually able to achieve and sustain efficient coordination despite the presence of an unforgiving payoff structure. This result, which may be due to the reduced strategic uncertainty so characteristic of chosen-effort weak-link game experiments, stands in stark contrast to standard results in the coordination game literature and provides an interesting challenge to test-beds currently used.     

面板数据模型中随机效应存在性检验的理论研究及其实证分析

 由于能体现异质性等一系列优良性质,面板数据模型正被广泛应用到经济学各个领域中。然而,在反映异质性的个体效应和时间效应的设定上,经常存在人为的主观性和随意性,因此容易导致错误指定事件的发生。本文提出了一个稳健的方法分别检验面板数据模型中随机个体效应和随机时间效应的存在性。具体而言,通过对残差进行正交化变换消去可能存在的时间效应,并建立人工自回归模型,然后基于该模型自回归系数的最小二乘估计构造检验统计量检验个体效应。构造的检验是单边的,零假设下渐近服从标准正态分布。在检验时间效应时,可类似得到统计量及其渐近性质。功效研究表明这些检验敏感性较强,能检测到以参数速度（最快的速度）收敛到零假设的备择假设。通过模拟试验研究了检验统计量的小样本性质,并进行了实际数据分析。     

Open collaborative innovation and digital platforms

Abstract

This study uses contract theory to analyse the relationship between open collaborative innovation strategies and digital platforms. We argue that a collaborative mechanism and governance of the platform affect how operations are run and impact firm ambidexterity. We also explain how the twofold revealing strategy, both selective and free occurs via the platform and how governance positively impacts the coordination mechanism. A case study analysis on TIM OPEN draws a ground-breaking framework for future investigations. The analysis suggests that the combination of digital platform and collaborative innovation can facilitate the creative process and be a driver of operational synergies. Results confirm that the adoption of digital platforms for collaborative innovations reduces transaction costs.     

组织二元性： 管理研究的一种新范式

组织二元性已经逐渐成为管理研究中的一种新范式,然而,已有研究对组织二元性的内涵与外延却未能达成共识,基于对不同视角的组织二元性理论框架也略显混乱。基于组织学习、技术创新、组织架构、组织适应等领域相关研究的梳理,组织二元性的内涵与外延得以明确界定。以此为基础,搭建组织二元性跨个体、团队、组织、组织间的多层次研究框架,有利于构建中国的管理理论。     

Attitudes and Saving in Individual Development Accounts: Latent Class Analysis

This exploratory study focuses on classifying attitudes toward institutional features of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). The study also examines the extent to which attitudes change and how they are associated with saving in IDAs. While attitudes toward IDAs were generally positive, latent class analysis (LCA) found three groups at Wave 3: highly positive, moderately positive, and mixed opinion. The study found dynamic changes in attitudes at 18 months and 48 months after the baseline interview. While 63% of participants showed no changes in attitudes, 22% changed their attitudes negatively and 15% positively. Participants with highly positive attitudes at both 18 months and 48 months had significantly more savings than participants without highly positive attitudes, suggesting that attitudes may influence saving outcomes in IDAs.

Population fluctuation and persistence of one-host–two-parasitoid systems depending on resource distribution: from parasitizing behavior to population dynamics

Population dynamics and variability were examined in one-host–two-parasitoid experimental systems with different resource distributions: resource-clumped and resource-sparse conditions. The system consists of a seed beetle host, Callosobruchus chinensis, and two parasitoid wasps, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Pteromalidae) and Heterospilus prosopidis (Braconidae). In the resource-clumped condition, suitable hosts for parasitism (the late fourth-instar larvae and pupae) were clumped in 1 large resource patch, but they were scattered evenly among 16 small patches in the resource-sparse condition. Population censuses were conducted at 10-day intervals in long-term cultures, renewing 10 g of azuki beans (Vigna angularis). In both resource conditions, the first period was a single-species system of C. chinensis only, and A. calandrae was added in the second period. The one-host–one-parasitoid system with C. chinensis and A. calandrae showed stable population dynamics with small fluctuations. After addition of H. prosopidis in the third period, two of three replicates persisted to day 800 in each resource condition, although one replicate in each went to extinction at an immediate outbreak of the H. prosopidis population after the introduction. Population variabilities of C. chinensis and H. prosopidis were significantly higher and the mean population size of A. calandrae was significantly smaller in the resource-sparse condition than that in the resource-clumped one. A short-term experiment on parasitism efficiencies revealed that H. prosopidis parasitized significantly more at a low host density in the resource-sparse condition than in the resource-clumped one. Mutual interference of H. prosopidis was weak enough at low parasitoid densities but became abruptly stronger with high densities. Providing fresh hosts in a mixture of already parasitized ones, host-searching behaviors of a parasitoid were recorded by video for 3 h and were compared between the two wasp species. H. prosopidis could parasitize fresh hosts more efficiently than A. calandrae through frequent long-distance walks (walking to distant beans at one bout or outside a clump of beans with hosts and back soon on a distant bean of the clump) after reencounters with parasitized hosts. Considering all the experimental results, populations were judged to be more fragile and more likely to go to extinction in the resource-sparse condition than in the resource-clumped one. A higher attacking efficiency of H. prosopidis destabilized population dynamics more in the resource-sparse condition. Received: December 23, 1998 / Accepted: January 20, 1999