我国产业集群促进实践中的问题研究——基于欧洲各国的集群政策经验

将我国地方政府与欧洲各国地方政府集群促进与政策实践比较之后发现,政府在集群促进中的角色设定上,在集群运行机理认识上,在政策工具运用上,在集群识别与支持对象选择上,在政府集群促进行动方式上,在政府对于集群资助方式上均存在着较大差异。分析讨论表明,这些差异主要不是因为国情不同,或体制不同造成的,而是因为地方政府对市场经济不适应造成的,进而揭示并讨论了我国一些地方政府集群促进政策实践中的问题。     

The Hobo Anomalous: Class,minorities and political invention in the Industrial Workers of the World

This article is an analysis of minority political invention in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Against the tendency in recent social and cultural theory to dichotomize class and difference, it argues that it was in and through the IWW's formulation of class that minority political and cultural invention occurred. Using the framework of Deleuze and Guattari's minor politics, the article shows how the IWW's composition in the simultaneously diffuse and cramped plane of work operated against the major political identities and subjects of worker, immigrant, American, citizen and 'people', and towards the creation of minority political knowledges, tactics and cultural styles premised on the condition that 'the people are missing'. Seeking to understand the IWW's modes and techniques of invention, the article explores the general plane of IWW composition, its particular political and cultural expressions (in songs, manifestos, cartoons and tactics), and its minor mode of authorship. The article focuses in particular on two aspects of IWW minority composition, the itinerant worker, or hobo, and the politics of sabotage.     

Risk Comparisons, Conflict, and Risk Acceptability Claims

Despite many claims for and against the use of risk comparisons in risk communication, few empirical studies have explored their effect. Even fewer have examined the public's relative preferences among different kinds of risk comparisons. Two studies, published in this journal in 1990 and 2003, used seven measures of "acceptability" to examine public reaction to 14 examples of risk comparisons, as used by a hypothetical factory manager to explain risks of his ethylene oxide plant. This study examined the effect on preferences of scenarios involving low or high conflict between the factory manager and residents of the hypothetical town (as had the 2003 study), and inclusion of a claim that the comparison demonstrated the risks' acceptability. It also tested the Finucane et al. (2000) affect hypothesis that information emphasizing low risks-as in these risk comparisons-would raise benefits estimates without changing risk estimates. Using similar but revised scenarios, risk comparison examples (10 instead of 14), and evaluation measures, an opportunity sample of 303 New Jersey residents rated the comparisons, and the risks and benefits of the factory. On average, all comparisons received positive ratings on all evaluation measures in all conditions. Direct and indirect measures showed that the conflict manipulation worked; overall, No-Conflict and Conflict scenarios evoked scores that were not significantly different. The attachment to each risk comparison of a risk acceptability claim ("So our factory's risks should be acceptable to you.") did not worsen ratings relative to conditions lacking this claim. Readers who did or did not see this claim were equally likely to infer an attempt to persuade them to accept the risk from the comparison. As in the 2003 article, there was great individual variability in inferred rankings of the risk comparisons. However, exposure to the risk comparisons did not reduce risk estimates significantly (while raising benefit estimates), and Conflict-Claim respondents found the risk of the hypothetical factory less acceptable than No-Conflict respondents. Results suggest that neither risk comparisons nor risk acceptability claims are automatically anathema to audiences, but they may have tiny or unintended effects on audience judgments about risky situations.     

Communicating Worst-Case Scenarios: Neighbors'' Views of Industrial Accident Management

The prospect of industrial accidents motivated the U.S. Congress to require in the Clean Air Act of 1990 that manufacturing facilities develop Risk Management Plans (RMP) to submit to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) by July 1999. Industry worried that the requirement to communicate to the public a "worst-case scenario" would arouse unnecessary and counterproductive fears among industry neighbors. We report here the results of focus groups and surveys with such neighbors, focusing particularly upon their reactions to messages about a hypothetical worst-case scenario and management of these risks by industry, government, and other parties. Our findings confirmed our hypotheses that citizens would be skeptical of the competence and trustworthiness of these managers and that this stance would color their views of industrial-facility accident risks. People with job ties to industry or who saw industrial benefits to the community as exceeding its risks had more positive views of industrial risks, but still expressed great concern about the risk and doubt about accident management. Notwithstanding these reactions, overall respondents welcomed this and other related information, which they wanted their local industries to supply. Respondents were not more reassured by additional text describing management of accidents by government and industry. However, respondents did react very positively to the concept of community oversight to review plant safety. Claims about the firm's moral obligation or financial self-interest in preventing accidents were also received positively. Further research on innovative communication and management of accident risks is warranted by these results, even before recent terrorist attacks made this topic more salient.     

简洁风格的辨析

通过对手工业时代的审美特征的反思,指出了简洁风格是技术进步创造的,是符合潮流的一种本质上的新的追求.论述了简洁风格的利弊,指出新的工业化成衣是"服装服务于人"这一理念的实现.     

区域企业群落形成过程中的自组织集聚机理研究

文章从复杂性系统自组织理论及生态物理学的视角,分析和研究了区域产业群落形成过程中的集聚机理,讨论了区域产业群落形成过程中产业生态位,产业集聚核,区域产业场、产业聚集势的作用和重要性,导出了产业聚集势及其势曲线随产业场的变化情况,在一定程度上分析和揭示了区域产业群落的生成机理和发展演化规律。     

我国近年下调利率效果分析

利率传导机制发挥作用的基础是经济主体的市场化和金融市场的高度化,我国目前在这两个方面还存在许多问题,因此,我国利率政策的效果不明显。要充分发挥利率对经济刺激作用,必须大力推广现代企业制度,改善银企关系,发展金融市场,并使利率政策和财政政策、产业政策相结合     

Prize Proliferation1

Recent decades have been characterized by growing numbers of awards, prizes, and honors distributed by a wide range of social worlds—prize proliferation. This article examines how claims for—and counterclaims against—establishing prizes lead to more awards being given. Unlike most constructionist analyses that explore how centralized claims‐making campaigns construct social problems, this study of prize proliferation illustrates how localized, independent social worlds can become arenas for claims, and how such largely unrelated efforts can shape broad social trends.     

构建天津渤海化学工业园区的战略分析与对策

天津渤海化工集团公司在滨海新区设立天津渤海化学工业园区有五大优势。在充分借鉴国内外化工园区成熟经验的同时,特别建议天津渤海化工集团更多地考虑滨海新区同时具有盐、碱、石油、天然气四大类石化资源,一定要以产业链来引导化工园区的建设,走上下游产品一体化的集聚式发展道路,树立先进的环保理念,实现经济发展与环境保护的双赢。     

金朝儒学与文学

金朝儒学驳杂而不统一，流播着许多派别。新、旧儒学并存的格局是构成金朝文学的文化生态环境的重要元素之一。金朝境内旧儒学思想的回升，是整个古代儒学发展过程中的特殊运动形式。北宋理学诸流派起初潜存于民间，后来随着南宋理学逐渐北传以及文人纷纷涉足，新儒学终于在金末元初蔚为大观。终金一朝，盛行于士林、文坛并对创作产生决定性影响的理学派别是被认为非正宗的蜀学。文人对儒学的态度大致可分为两大类型：一种类型专门致力于研习和传播新、旧儒学，以纯儒自居；另一种类型博采杂取，兼容众说，于儒学之外叉濡染释、老。儒学对金朝文学的意义主要反映在3个方面：首先，其思想观念和价值取向都程度不同地体现在各种文体的创作中；其次，出现了许多阐发儒家思想尤其是宋学的诗、文作品；再次，文学活动中的文以载道、修辞立诚的意识得以强化和深化。儒学对金朝文学的作用表现为正、负两方面。金朝作家和文学理论家较好地解决了文、道关系，在一定程度上减弱了儒家思想对文学的阻力。