中央苏区时期毛泽东的领导地位与共产国际

中央苏区时期,共产国际日益重视苏区和红军在中国革命中的作用。它为共产国际支持下的王明“左”倾错误执行者排挤毛泽东在中央苏区的领导地位以实现对苏区和红军的控制提供了政策依据;它同时又使毛泽东在共产国际的影响不断扩大,在党内的地位不断上升,为遵义会议最终确立毛泽东在全党全军的领导地位奠定了基础。     

离开基督建公元

当今流行的所谓“公元”实际上并不“公” ,而是一个拘泥于传说的耶稣生年 ,充满西方宗教色彩的“基督元” ,同时也是建立在一个简单的数学错误基础上的“缺零元”。因此 ,我们建议采纳既能加入零 ,又能摆脱基督宗教的束缚 ,同时又简单易行、转换成本很低的“零推法” ,以建立科学的、真正“公”的国际元     

反思“封贡体系”:10至13世纪东亚国际体系的一个侧面

关于古代东亚国际体系理论的研究,学界已取得丰硕的成果。然而学界的研究多集中在“汉唐东亚”与“明清东亚”,根据汉唐时期或明清时期的东亚国际体系所提炼出的要素对于10至13世纪的东亚解释力不足。虽然学界关于10至13世纪东亚各政权间具体问题的探讨,为宏观探讨同时期东亚国际体系奠定坚实基础,但仍未步入理论层面。制度化的封贡体系的形成时间正是在11世纪初,即辽朝中期。缺乏对10至13世纪的东亚国际体系的整体把握,无法正确、深刻地理解东亚是怎样由“汉唐东亚”步入“明清东亚”,进而也就无法正确认知当代东亚国际问题的历史症结所在。     

运输性及运输性工程

运输性是产品的固有属性和设计属性。产品、运输条件及运输环境构成一个有机系统。运用系统分析的理论和方法,分析了运输性对机动性及寿命周期费用的影响,研究了影响产品运输性的因素,结果表明提高产品运输性的最佳时机是在研制阶段。运输性工程即是在产品研制过程中,明确运输性要求,进行运输性设计和分析,权衡各种设计方案,实施运输性试验,评估运输性指标,通过反复迭代,改进产品或产品系统,以实现产品与运输条件及运输环境之间的最佳匹配。     

Pour une conception clinique de la notion de stress: la prise en compte des dimensions collectives

In France, more and more employees, whether they are employed by state-owned or private enterprises, readily admit they suffer from stress. Although subjected to both deep and difficult transformations, post office counter clerks do not use the word. A three-year research study with counter clerks of La Poste, led by clinical sociologists from the viewpoint of clinical sociology, invites us to question the notion of stress. To begin, the paper takes the opportunity to clarify the use that a clinical sociologist makes of this English notion usually connected with individual psychology. It then shows in which circumstances the counter clerks, including those who work in offices considered ‘calm’, are in fact confronted with working conditions that qualify as stressful. Finally, through clinical cases, the paper contests the North American view of stress by showing that it is essentially founded on an individual understanding of this pathology and that it abusively overlooks the collective dimension of work in its account of a real suffering.     

European integration and external sustainability of the European Union: an application of the thesis of Feldstein and Horioka

The Feldstein–Horioka thesis was considered one of the greatest puzzles in economics. Formulated to measure international capital mobility, it has known a process of immunization to be conformed to empirical evidence and respect econometric knowledge. We apply to EU countries a formulation of this thesis which is adequate to test external sustainability and measure international capital mobility. Applying appropriate econometric methods we can accept the hypothesis of external unsustainability for the EU before the enlargement. The enlargement allows the external sustainability of the new EU. The lesser mobility of capital in the countries of the enlargement must be considered as a positive shock on EU industry of financial services.     

中西方创新人才培养与精英教育研究

精英教育需要渊博的专业学识、厚积薄发的文化功底、深邃的人文精神、犀利的眼光、过人的胆识和创新精神。而科学研究则需要缜密的专业分析,严谨的逻辑推理,严密而全面的科学论证。无论是教学,还是科学研究都需要激情和创新。社会需要人才,事业呼吁创新。创新乃是对他人或自我前所未有的超越与突破,是富有激情、富有新意的创造,是对过去的否定,对传统的挑战,对墨守成规的冲锋。未来的世界充满了竞争,而多元竞争最终体现在创新人才的竞争、尖端科学的竞争和精英教育的竞争。     

论唐宋时期监狱制度的滞后与徒刑执行方式的变异

徒刑是唐宋时期的官方法典规定的刑罚。然而由于这一时期监狱制度的不完善及其在发展阶段上的滞后,使得徒刑的执行方式发生了改变:即唐代徒刑在地方的执行与流刑混一或以徙边代替;宋代的“折杖法”实行以后,徒刑的执行改为杖脊加配役。造成上述情况的根由在于唐宋时期的监狱制度是虚化的,监狱不是执行徒刑的场所,而是禁系犯罪嫌疑人的机构。针对这种情况,北宋末期“圜土”制度不失为中国近代意义上监狱制度的一种尝试。     

实行机制创新,实现综合效益——从南宁国际民歌节看地方文化艺术节的举办策略

音乐不仅可以增加城市的艺术魅力,而且可以增强城市的经济实力。自从广西壮族自治区党委、区人民政府提出建设“文化广西”的战略目标以来,各地市都竞相举办各自的文化艺术节,但有些地方的艺术节表面上轰轰烈烈,实际却收获无几。因此,我们有必要以南宁国际民歌节这一成功范例为参照,进行机制创新,打造品牌,共同为建设“文化广西”做出贡献。     

The transmission of socioeconomic status and prestige in Great Britain and the United States

We analyze male occupational attainment using separate models in which occupational level is measured by indigenous socioeconomic index (SEI) scales, indigenous prestige scales, and a common prestige scale. Other than some consistent societal differences, the SEI scales produce highly similar results in both societies. In sharp contrast, both indigenous and common prestige scales indicate a stronger relative effect of origin (compared with education) on occupation in Great Britain. The dimensions of prestige and socioeconomic status thus seem to tap different aspects of the social mobility process, and the societies differ in the transmission of prestige but not socioeconomic status.