Optimal discrimination designs for exponential regression models

We investigate optimal designs for discriminating between exponential regression models of different complexity, which are widely used in the biological sciences; see, e.g., Landaw [1995. Robust sampling designs for compartmental models under large prior eigenvalue uncertainties. Math. Comput. Biomed. Appl. 181–187] or Gibaldi and Perrier [1982. Pharmacokinetics. Marcel Dekker, New York]. We discuss different approaches for the construction of appropriate optimality criteria, and find sharper upper bounds on the number of support points of locally optimal discrimination designs than those given by Caratheodory's Theorem. These results greatly facilitate the numerical construction of optimal designs. Various examples of optimal designs are then presented and compared to different other designs. Moreover, to protect the experiment against misspecifications of the nonlinear model parameters, we adapt the design criteria such that the resulting designs are robust with respect to such misspecifications and, again, provide several examples, which demonstrate the advantages of our approach.     

Unemployment Insurance and Underemployment

Should unemployment insurance (UI) systems provide coverage for underemployed job seekers? Based on a statistical analysis of Norwegian unemployment spells, we conclude that the answer to this question is yes. Allowing insured job seekers to retain partial UI benefits during periods of insufficient part‐time work not only reduces UI expenditures during the part‐time work period, but it also unambiguously reduces the time until a regular self‐supporting job is found. Probable explanations are that even small temporary part‐time jobs provide access to useful vacancy information and that such jobs are used by employers as a screening device when hiring from the unemployment pool.     

后现象学思想解惑--唐·伊德技术哲学的实用主义与解释学维度

用胡塞尔先验现象学的立场来理解作为技术哲学的后现象学,这是对唐·伊德思想的一种误解。由于在悬置和变更等基本概念上与胡塞尔现象学出入甚大,后现象学只能算是一种修正主义的现象学;在哲学观和技术观上,后现象学更多地是汲取了杜威实用主义的观点;利科的解释学及对文本概念的广义理解,决定了后现象学必然是一种以探究人工物的意义为旨归的物的解释学。在理解伊德技术哲学时,实用主义和解释学是两个重要、但被忽略的维度。     

Emergence of entrepreneurial behaviour: The role of age-based self-image

This study introduces an individual’s perception of their entrepreneurial potential in terms of their age (age-based self-image) to complement chronological age as a predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. The principal hypothesis is that a positive age-based self-image enhances the likelihood of individuals turning their intention to start a business into actual behaviour. The empirical analysis based on data collected on the general adult population of Finland in 2011 and 2012 (n = 672) supports this hypothesis. The analysis further shows that this positive effect is independent of the individual’s chronological age, and it is thus applicable to both age groups that are under-represented in entrepreneurship: ‘youngsters’ and ‘seniors’. Promoting the development of a positive age-based self-image is a prospective policy option for fostering entrepreneurship among younger and older age groups. More in-depth research, especially concerning the antecedents of positive age-based self-image, is required for the effectiveness of such policy interventions.     

艾略特的诗歌创作与批评理论的互动——论《J·阿尔弗雷德·普罗弗洛克的情歌》

《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》将新古典主义与现代西方社会生活的题材相结合,运用"非个性化"理论、客观对应物理论、意象、象征等手法展现出现代人空虚的精神世界,同时也是艾略特批评理论的文本示范。通过该诗对艾略特理论和诗歌文本进行同步分析,为艾略特研究提供一个较新的视角。     

略论可持续发展的公平观

作者基于对罗尔斯的公平观和马克思主义的公平观的理解,深入阐释了可持续发展的本质即为公平,并分析了公平性作为可持续发展的原则,具有基础地位和主导作用。此外,作者还指出了可持续发展不应只考虑自然资源和环境,还应包括制度、文化、信息、科技、生态等在内的各种资源、财富,应倡导大资源观基础上的公平观。     

净明道与传统道派关系考述

作者考察了宋元净明道的思想观念与宗教仪式,并探讨了其与传统道派如天师道、灵宝派、上清派、钟吕金丹道等的关系,认为净明道乃是当时融合了符箓与内丹之说为一体的新兴道派。