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11.
This paper models household fertility decisions by using a generalized Poisson regression model. Since the fertility data
used in the paper exhibit under-dispersion, the generalized Poisson regression model has statistical advantages over both
standard Poisson and negative binomial regression models, and is suitable for analysis of count data that exhibit either over-dispersion
or under-dispersion. The model is estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. Approximate tests for the dispersion and
goodness-of-fit measures for comparing alternative models are discussed. Based on observations from the Panel Study of Income
Dynamics of 1989 interviewing year, the empirical results support the fertility hypothesis of Becker and Lewis (1973).
Received January 7, 1997 /Accepted April 3, 1997 相似文献
12.
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This study considers the problem of inferring a functional evaluation criterion from existing performance measure policies. The objective is to develop a rational basis by which to adaptively evaluate a current best set of performance measures from alternative sets. The analysis is based on a matrix approach for relating system characteristics to performance measures across a set of activities. A procedure for ranking measure combinations which are candidate implementation alternatives is devised using this matrix representation and cost information. An example illustrating the procedure is presented. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of education on the probability of married Malawian women using modern contraceptive methods by accounting for both observed and unobserved confounders. We conduct a sensitivity analysis and compare the results of naive models with instrumental variable models to account for the potential endogeneity of education. Our findings demonstrate conflicting results between the two modelling approaches. The naive models report smaller education effects on the probability of using modern contraceptive methods compared to instrumental variable models. We also find that by relaxing the functional form assumption on the effect of continuous covariates, using a flexible instrumental variable model, the education's effect follows a positive, nonlinear pattern. This finding is not observed with a classic instrumental variable model. 相似文献
15.
When does trade become a one-way relationship? We study bilateral trade balances for a sample of 18 European countries over the period from 1948 through 2008. We find that, with the introduction of the euro, trade imbalances among euro area members widened considerably, even after allowing for permanent asymmetries in trade competitiveness within pairs of countries or in the overall trade competitiveness of individual countries. This is consistent with indications that pair-wise trade tends to be more balanced when nominal exchange rates are flexible. Intra-euro area imbalances also seem to have become more persistent with the introduction of the euro, some of which is linked to labor market inflexibility. Reviewing the direction of imbalances, we find that bilateral trade surpluses are decreasing in the real exchange rate, decreasing in growth differentials, and increasing in the relative volatility of national business cycles. Finally, countries with relatively higher fiscal deficits and less flexible labor and product markets exhibit systematically lower trade surpluses than others. 相似文献
16.
蔡枫 《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2012,29(1):18-23
犍陀罗本生雕刻作为印度文化母题的视觉化形式,以叙事性图像生动地阐释印度民间广泛推崇的价值观。犍陀罗本生雕刻的文化母题包括具有普世意义的乐善好施的传统;以轮回报应为理论基础,以孝敬忠贞为核心的伦理道德观念;奉行虔诚于神和克制苦行的修身理念。这些文化母题真实地再现了古代印度人民的社会理想、家庭关系和人生追求,是今人理解古印度文化的可靠资料。 相似文献
17.
Post-crisis policy making increasingly focuses on doing business reforms. We argue that the effects of those reforms will be different across countries. To understand the reasons for the reform outcome divergence, we advance a novel firm-size distribution (FSDs) argument. At the center of the argument is the fact that FSDs are different across countries and stable over time. Then, if a given doing business reform induces firms of different size to grow differently, this will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. To advance the argument, we set up a tractable general equilibrium (GE) model and study how firms of different size grow after a doing business reform. The model predicts that larger firms will grow faster than smaller firms after the reform. The model predictions are tested on the Enterprise Surveys (ES) data, merged with the Doing Business indicators. We confirm that firms of different size grow differently after a Doing Business reform. Thus, based on the notable differences of firm size distributions across countries, identical reforms to start, operate and close a business will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. 相似文献
18.
In this paper we test if performance improves once goals become more attainable. Goal-setting literature suggests that workers respond to challenging but achievable goals with increased performance. Empirical evidence supports the notion of goals increasing performance; however the evidence on how attainability of goals affects performance is mixed. This paper tests whether efforts increase, improving performance as the goals become more attainable. We are employing a unique set of publicly available marathon data from 1970 to 2015 to directly analyze the effect of goal attainability on performance. With the probable goal of qualifying for the Boston Marathon, we test if runners increase their effort, and consequently improve their performance if they enter a new age group and as a result have a more attainable goal. We find that runners who enter a new age group perform better than the runners whose qualifying time did not change. This effect is seen with runners in younger age groups, but not found in the results of runners in more advanced years. 相似文献
19.
李小荣 《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014,(4):76-83
《九色鹿》是著名的佛本生故事,其在中土的图文传播有同有异。从传播内容言,二者所关注的人物形象都集中在九色鹿、国王、告密者以及国王夫人身上,但文学的传播内容,总体上较图像传播更丰富些。从传播途径言,图像传播线路较为明确,可归纳为“印度→犍罗陀→中土”,而文学传播似有断层。从传播时间之先后言,图像的叙事传播略早于文学传播,但文学传播持续时间更长,一直持续到宋元以后。无论图、文叙事,都受到了中土固有文化的影响。 相似文献
20.