人力资本积累、搜寻渠道与农民工工资水平——基于微观调查数据的区间回归分析

本文基于广东企业用工调查数据,利用区间回归模型,检验了农民工人力资本积累、工作搜寻渠道、社会保险等对于他们在城市劳动力市场上的工资水平的影响,结果发现：人力资本能够显著提升农民工在城市劳动力市场上的工资水平;农民工的社会关系网络及政府、市场中介的搜寻行为都无助于提升农民工的工资水平;参加社会保险农民工的工资水平要明显高于未参保农民工,而工作生活满意度的高低对农民工工资也不会产生显著影响。     

多功能机床环境下的Job Shop问题研究

本文引入工序机的概念描述加工系统的资源,建立了面向多功能加工机床的Job Shop作业计划模型,用遗传算法对所建的模型进行优化。在遗传算法优化搜索的基础上,利用工件、工序机和实际机床之间的动态调度使作业计划更趋合理。最后给出数值试验结果。     

Frequency of job stressors,difficulty unwinding after work,and sleep problems among urban transit operators

Poor sleep quality is associated with numerous physical and mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational and demographic factors associated with sleep problems among a sample of urban transit operators. The sample consists of 676 workers (44% female, 67% African American) at a Northern California public transit agency who participated in a cross-sectional worksite tobacco survey. Approximately 27% of the sample reported that they often had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep in the past 12?months. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of job stressors (e.g., equipment problems, road or traffic problems, poor access to bathrooms) and amount of time needed to unwind and relax after work were significantly associated with often experiencing insomnia symptoms (odds ratio [OR]?=?1.76 and 2.44, respectively). Younger workers, females, and nicotine-dependent smokers were more likely to report often experiencing sleep problems than older workers, males, and nonsmokers. Employment length and work shift were not associated with the outcome. The findings indicate that transit operators experience elevated prevalence of past-year sleep problems, and occupational factors play a role in their occurrence. Future research should explore if policies that help reduce frequency of job stressors can mitigate poor sleep quality among this occupational group.     

The association between job insecurity and engagement of employees at work

This study examined the association between employees’ perceived job insecurity and employee engagement. Using Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (2008–2014) data, we applied logistic regressions to examine the association between job insecurity and engagement, controlling for covariates. The job insecurity variable was also interacted with the supervisor support variable. We found that perceived job insecurity was associated with reduced engagement and that this may be moderated by supervisor support. This is the first study using nationally representative data to examine the role of supervisor support in mitigating the negative impact of job insecurity on engagement.     

Why Do(n't) they leave?: Motherhood and women's job mobility

Although the relationship between motherhood and women's labor market exits has received a great deal of popular and empirical attention in recent years, far less is known about the relationship between motherhood and women's job changes. In this paper, I use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) (NLSY79) and Cox regression models to examine how motherhood influences the types of job changes and employment exits women make and how this varies by racial-ethnic group. I find preschool-age children are largely immobilizing for white women, as they discourage these women from making the types of voluntary job changes that are often associated with wage growth. No such effects were found for Black or Hispanic women.     

The Ties That Bind: Midlife Parents' Daily Experiences With Grown Children

Daily pleasant or stressful experiences with grown children may contribute to parental well‐being. This diary study focused on midlife parents' (N = 247) reports regarding grown children for 7 days. Nearly all parents (96%) had contact with a child that week via phone, text, or in person. Nearly all parents shared laughter or enjoyable interactions with grown children during the study week. More than half of parents experienced stressful encounters (e.g., child got on nerves) or stressful thoughts about grown children (e.g., worrying, fretting about a problem). Pleasant and stressful experiences with grown children were associated with parents' positive and negative daily moods. A pleasant experience with a grown child the same day as a stressful experience mitigated effects of those stressful experiences on negative mood, however. The findings have implications for understanding intergenerational ambivalence and stress buffering in this tie.     

大学生兼职现象及影响因素研究

目前,大学生兼职已是一种普遍现象,对大学生社会化起到促进作用,但一系列负面现象相伴而生。对3469名大学生的问卷调查发现,学生兼职行为受到个人特征、经济特征、学校机会及地区特征等因素影响,兼职的负面影响对大学生成长不利,因此高校应合理引导和管理大学生兼职行为。     

Variation in job opportunities for men and women in the Swiss labor market 1962–1989

For the period of the 1960s to the late 1980s, this paper examines variation in job opportunities for men and women in the occupationally segmented and highly gender-segregated Swiss labor market. Job opportunities are defined as the volume of job openings potentially accessible to individuals with given skills and other desired characteristics. They are conceptualized within the queuing approach, taking into account the structure and cyclical fluctuations of the Swiss labor market.     

Don’t mention it: Why people don’t share job information,when they do,and why it matters

Network-based job search is especially likely to foster workplace segregation and limit status attainment when information flows through homophilous ties. This paper takes the perspective of information holders and examines how the use of strong versus weak ties – which tend to be homophilous and heterophilous, respectively – differs with characteristics of labour markets in which jobs are located. Using in-depth interviews with entry-level white collar workers I show that information holders with opportunities to mention specific jobs to specific people do so only 27% of the time. Because they hesitate to share information if they are uncertain the information is specifically sought, information flows more commonly to strong ties, whose career goals are more likely to be known. Information is more likely to be shared with weak ties if it concerns occupations for which one may be specifically credentialed, since receiving relevant training serves as signal of interest in such jobs. These finding suggest that the homophily of referrals and their inequality-generating effects may vary across occupations.     

高校毕业生社会支持、求职意向与求职行为的关系影响研究

高校毕业生社会支持、求职意向与求职行为的关系对于大学生就业辅导和职业生涯规划具有重要的理论和现实意义。主观支持对求职行为有正向影响,来自于亲人、朋友等社会资本的扶持及其心理上的情感支持尤其影响求职行为;另一方面,求职意向在社会支持和求职行为之间起中介作用,个体可以积极寻求主观支持,调整求职意向的强弱,进而实施求职行为促进成功就业。