自谋职业：带来就业革命性变化

农民自谋其业,干部统一就业,大学生由统一就业变为自谋职业。改变了就业格局,也改变了就业观念;意味着主体意识的觉醒,也意味着一个时代的终结和一个时代的开创。自谋职业将推进教育、粮户、人事、劳工等领域的改革,并真正产生革命性变化。     

河北省高校高水平运动队教练员工作满意度现状研究

为了深入了解高校高水平运动队教练员工作满意度现状,以河北省45名高校高水品运动队教练员为研究对象,采用访谈法、问卷法、数量统计法进行研究调查。研究发现,目前河北省高校高水平运动队教练工作满意度总体偏低,在性别、执教年限、执教队伍性质等方面存在一定差异性。在社会支持方面,男性教练员高于女性教练员。在执教年限的分组中,随着执教年限的增加,工作薪酬的得分出现先减后增的变化趋势。     

河南省大学生就业心理调查研究

随着计划经济向市场经济的转化 ,大学生的就业取向、就业方式和择业观念等方面发生了很大变化。大学生的择业心理的变化表现在多方面。大学生择就业中存在不少问题。建议强化择业的自主意识 ,树立正确的就业观 ,调整择就业的价值取向。     

人力资源管理人员工作倦怠研究——以南京市为例

在回顾工作倦怠含义的基础上,运用MBI-GS量表对496名南京市人力资源管理人员进行了问卷调查。经分析得出以下结果：人力资源管理人员情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感的得分分别为2.398±0.758、2.196±0.793和3.569±0.864,该群体情感耗竭和人格解体处于中等水平,同时又具有较高的个人成就感 人口统计变量对工作倦怠产生不同影响,婚姻状况和专业背景因素对情感耗竭、年龄和婚姻状况以及受教育程度因素对人格解体的影响具有统计学上的显著性意义。据此提出缓解人力资源管理人员工作倦怠的具体对策。     

Customer Order Scheduling in a General Job Shop Environment*

The primary objective of this study is to examine the performance of order-based dispatching rules in a general job shop, where the environmental factors are shop utilization and due date tightness. An order is defined as a collection of jobs that are shipped as a group—an order—to the customer, only on completion of the last job of the order. We specifically compare dispatching rules from past job-based studies to some rules adapted to encompass order characteristics. Standard flow time and tardiness measures are used, but in addition, we introduce measures that combine average performance with variation in an attempt to capture the performance of a majority of the orders processed in the shop. Of the 16 dispatching rules tested, our results show that four of the simple rules dominate the others. We also found that order-based rules perform better than their job-based counterparts. The study makes use of multivariate statistical analysis, in addition to the usual univariate tests, which can provide additional insight to managers using multiple criteria in their decision process.     

Client/Server System Success: Exploring the Human Side

Client/server systems (CSS) are emerging as the new paradigm for systems development, replacing or integrating legacy applications with systems that provide higher quality user interfaces on the client component and substantial user-transparent data processing capability on one or more servers. Due to the dramatically different CSS development approach and the CSS emphasis on user friendliness, research findings based on non-CSS should be retested in the CSS context. Using a relatively well-established theoretical foundation, this study focuses on the human aspects of CSS implementation. Specifically, four major factors important to success with this emerging technology are studied: the degree of end-user involvement in the CSS development process, end-user characteristics, developer skills, and management support for the CSS project. The measures of CSS success are end-user satisfaction with the CSS, system usage, and its impact on end-users' jobs. The results indicate that the four independent variables explain a significant percentage of the variance in the dependent variables. Based on the results, recommendations are made for the management of CSS implementation and for further research on this important emerging technology.     

A Virtual Cellular Manufacturing Approach to Batch Production*

In this paper, Virtual Cellular Manufacturing (VCM), an alternative approach to implementing cellular manufacturing, is investigated. VCM combines the setup efficiency typically obtained by Group Technology (GT) cellular manufacturing (CM) systems with the routing flexibility of a job shop. Unlike traditional CM systems in which the shop is physically designed as a series of cells, family-based scheduling criteria are used to form logical cells within a shop using a process layout. The result is the formation of temporary, virtual cells as opposed to the more traditional, permanent, physical cells present in GT systems. Virtual cells allow the shop to be more responsive to changes in demand and workload patterns. Production using VCM is compared to production using traditional cellular and job shop approaches. Results indicate that VCM yields significantly better flow time and due date performance over a wide range of common operating conditions, as well as being more robust to demand variability.     

Two Questions about European Unemployment

A general equilibrium search model makes layoff costs affect the aggregate unemployment rate in ways that depend on equilibrium proportions of frictional and structural unemployment that in turn depend on the generosity of government unemployment benefits and skill losses among newly displaced workers. The model explains how, before the 1970s, lower flows into unemployment gave Europe lower unemployment rates than the United States and also how, after 1980, higher durations have kept unemployment rates in Europe persistently higher than in the United States. These outcomes arise from the way Europe's higher firing costs and more generous unemployment compensation make its unemployment rate respond to bigger skill losses among newly displaced workers. Those bigger skill losses also explain why U.S. workers have experienced more earnings volatility since 1980 and why, especially among older workers, hazard rates of gaining employment in Europe now fall sharply with increases in the duration of unemployment.     

互惠对工作要求——工作满意度曲线关系的调节作用

本文运用中国文化背景下开发的互惠量表,通过对西安某合资制药企业210名员工的调查,考察了企业对员工三种类型的互惠行为对工作要求—工作满意度的倒U型关系的调节作用。调查结果表明,广义互惠、平衡互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越明显,负互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越不明显。