大学生兼职现象及影响因素研究

目前,大学生兼职已是一种普遍现象,对大学生社会化起到促进作用,但一系列负面现象相伴而生。对3469名大学生的问卷调查发现,学生兼职行为受到个人特征、经济特征、学校机会及地区特征等因素影响,兼职的负面影响对大学生成长不利,因此高校应合理引导和管理大学生兼职行为。     

赋权：企业女性员工协助方案的核心

富士康自杀事件使人们更加关注企业员工的生存状态,增强了人们对陷于困境的企业员工给予援助的必要性的理解。陷入困境的企业女性员工是企业员工中的弱势群体,需要援助,需要针对女性员工实施特别的协助方案。为更好地实施女性员工协助方案,需要以赋权为视角。因为个人赋权有利于女性员工提升自身潜能,社会赋权则有利于女性员工充分利用社会资源实现目标。实施员工协助方案对女性员工赋权,可以从女性员工促进自我认识与提高解决问题的意愿、构建社会支持网络及其它社会资源、提高女性员工的能力等方面着手。     

乡村幼儿教师职业倦怠现状及其心理应对策略

乡村幼儿教师是发展乡村幼儿教育的骨干力量,也是职业倦怠的易发群体。通过对133名乡村幼儿教师职业倦怠现状及其影响因素调查,并将数据录入统计,进行方差检验分析和相关分析,结果发现：一是乡村幼儿教师职业倦怠程度整体上尚不严重,但是普遍存在职业倦怠感,情感衰竭相对更为突出;二是工作压力、人际关系、人格特点等心理因素与乡村幼儿教师职业倦怠显著相关。在外部环境不容易改变的情况下,从个体心理层面切入,合理规划工作目标,开发积极心理品质,合理归因,保持乐观,学会自我调适,自主提高抗压能力,都是预防或缓解职业倦怠的有效应对策略。     

Two Questions about European Unemployment

A general equilibrium search model makes layoff costs affect the aggregate unemployment rate in ways that depend on equilibrium proportions of frictional and structural unemployment that in turn depend on the generosity of government unemployment benefits and skill losses among newly displaced workers. The model explains how, before the 1970s, lower flows into unemployment gave Europe lower unemployment rates than the United States and also how, after 1980, higher durations have kept unemployment rates in Europe persistently higher than in the United States. These outcomes arise from the way Europe's higher firing costs and more generous unemployment compensation make its unemployment rate respond to bigger skill losses among newly displaced workers. Those bigger skill losses also explain why U.S. workers have experienced more earnings volatility since 1980 and why, especially among older workers, hazard rates of gaining employment in Europe now fall sharply with increases in the duration of unemployment.     

互惠对工作要求——工作满意度曲线关系的调节作用

本文运用中国文化背景下开发的互惠量表,通过对西安某合资制药企业210名员工的调查,考察了企业对员工三种类型的互惠行为对工作要求—工作满意度的倒U型关系的调节作用。调查结果表明,广义互惠、平衡互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越明显,负互惠越高,二者的倒U型关系越不明显。     

Customer Order Scheduling in a General Job Shop Environment*

The primary objective of this study is to examine the performance of order-based dispatching rules in a general job shop, where the environmental factors are shop utilization and due date tightness. An order is defined as a collection of jobs that are shipped as a group—an order—to the customer, only on completion of the last job of the order. We specifically compare dispatching rules from past job-based studies to some rules adapted to encompass order characteristics. Standard flow time and tardiness measures are used, but in addition, we introduce measures that combine average performance with variation in an attempt to capture the performance of a majority of the orders processed in the shop. Of the 16 dispatching rules tested, our results show that four of the simple rules dominate the others. We also found that order-based rules perform better than their job-based counterparts. The study makes use of multivariate statistical analysis, in addition to the usual univariate tests, which can provide additional insight to managers using multiple criteria in their decision process.     

人力资本积累、搜寻渠道与农民工工资水平——基于微观调查数据的区间回归分析

本文基于广东企业用工调查数据,利用区间回归模型,检验了农民工人力资本积累、工作搜寻渠道、社会保险等对于他们在城市劳动力市场上的工资水平的影响,结果发现：人力资本能够显著提升农民工在城市劳动力市场上的工资水平;农民工的社会关系网络及政府、市场中介的搜寻行为都无助于提升农民工的工资水平;参加社会保险农民工的工资水平要明显高于未参保农民工,而工作生活满意度的高低对农民工工资也不会产生显著影响。     

作业车间的模糊动态调度问题研究

本文针对作业车间的模糊动态调度问题,给出了该问题的生产系统描述、建模,给出了基于工件到达时间三角模糊数的计算确定重调度时段划分点的模糊动态调度策略,通过一种基于时间分解的策略将作业车间的模糊动态调度问题转化为一系列不一定被完全执行的静态模糊子调度问题求解。针对模型的求解给出了改进的G&T算法,将改进的基于关键路径的邻域交换技术引入遗传算法变异算子的设计,改善了算法解的局部寻优能力。仿真实验结果表明,本文给出的作业车间模糊动态调度模型是正确的,提出的算法有效,且动态调度策略具有鲁棒性。     

基于网络联盟环境的工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系研究

本文基于非契约机制视角,采用结构方程研究方法,对网络联盟环境的工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系进行实证研究.文章首先利用信度、效度分析,确定了网络联盟环境下工作满意度、组织承诺、网络组织效率的度量因素;据此,利用结构方程模型,验证了网络联盟环境下,工作满意度、组织承诺与网络组织效率的关系路径.最终得到以下结论:网络组织环境下,工作满意度正向促进网络组织效率;工作满意度正向促进组织承诺;组织承诺对网络组织效率的正向促进作用较弱;组织承诺在工作满意度正向促进网络组织效率的过程中,起部分中介作用.本文的研究结论对于利用非契约机制改善网络组织效率具有重要理论与实践意义.     

Job Satisfaction in Public and Private Schools: Competition is Key

Should the public sector become more like the private sector? This is a key question in debates about public management. However, the public/private distinction includes many elements. Two of these are ownership and competition. These aspects are not always sorted out empirically. Another challenge is that dissimilar functional areas are studied which makes it difficult to isolate effects of privatization as such. We respond to these challenges by carrying out an empirical analysis of job satisfaction among teachers who teach Danish to immigrants. The teachers work in comparable schools, carry out the same task, and are subject to the same performance management system, but some of the schools are public, some are private, and some have been subject to competitive tendering. We demonstrate that competition has a greater impact than ownership upon job satisfaction. We also show that one of the key mechanisms which translate competition into reduced job satisfaction relates to changing relations between managers and employees. Advocates and opponents of privatization alike should pay more attention to specific aspects and mechanisms related to privatization, in particular the element of competition.