美国多元文化教育及对我国的启示

我国是一个地大物博、人口众多的多民族国家,不同的民族有不同的文化系统,也构成了我国多元文化的现状。然而,多元文化教育却是我国学校教育中的薄弱环节。本文通过对美国多元文化教育现状的介绍,探讨了我国尤其是云南多民族地区文化多样性保持与传承的启示:创造氛围,培养多元文化意识;建构具有区域特色的多元文化课程体系,以此来保持与传承多民族地区的文化多样性。     

联合国教科文组织母语观念在中国的传播与发展

联合国教科文组织的母语观念从最初的母语教育,演化为后来的母语权利和母语保护。这些理念逐渐影响了改革开放后的中国,并在传播过程中不断进行本土化尝试,部分理念内化为国家的语言政策。在这一进程中,中国学者结合改革开放实践和国内语言生活发展出一些新型母语观念,其中以母语经济理念最为成熟。借助联合国教科文组织的平台,将基于中国语境的母语理念上升到国际理念,会在一定程度上提升中国在这一领域的话语权。     

公共外交视阈下河南省对外开放软环境研究

对外开放软环境对河南省经济的整体发展至关重要.它的主体多元性为传播学视角的引入提供了可能性.传统外交模式下河南省对外开放软环境现状存在着明显不足.公共外交在主体、对象、形式、效果、影响方式等方面的优势为新形势下河南省对外开放软环境的塑造提供了诸多契机.各个主体的职责十分清晰：政府主导塑造全方位的政策法制环境、高效的服务环境;文化界、宗教界一些NGO、NPO以及高校等主导塑造和谐的社会文化环境;媒体主导塑造充满正能量的舆论环境;普通大众主导塑造诚信及道德规范环境.     

从“多元一体格局”到“跨体系社会”——民族研究的区域视角与超民族视野

近代以来的民族研究主要是在民族主义知识框架下展开的。在民族研究中,民族被放置于主体性地位,因而无法在更为广阔的视野内呈现民族社会复杂多样的关系。因此,需要在研究方法与知识视野上有所突破。通过对"多元一体格局"理论和"跨体系社会"理论的评述,本文认为,在民族研究中,区域视角与超民族视野更能呈现出丰富多样的关系。     

基于技术多样性的专利申请人与审查员的引证行为差异

近年来,专利引文越来越多地被用于技术路径研究、技术会聚、技术扩散等技术领域间的知识活动研究,但并未有效区分申请人引用和审查员引用,现有技术领域层面对申请人和审查员引用差异的对比研究还停留在较为浅显的统计层面。将技术类别间的差异性引入到申请人引用和审查员引用的对比研究中,在技术类别分布基础上,探究专利技术类别多样性视角下申请人引用和审查员引用的知识来源差异,并对其开展相关性分析。研究结果表明:专利申请人引用涉及的技术类别范围更广,而审查员引用则更集中于本技术类别;对大部分技术类别,申请人引用的技术类别多样性要高于审查员引用,但两者呈现出显著的正相关性。     

A Similarity Measure Based on Species Proportions

ABSTRACT

There are several indices for measuring the similarity of two populations, including the ratio of the number of shared species to the number of distinct species (Jaccard's index) and the conditional probability of observing a shared species (Smith et al., 1996 Smith , W. , Solow , A. R. , Preston , P. E. ( 1996 ). An estimator of species overlap using a modified beta-binomial model. Biometrics 52 : 1472 – 1477 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). However, these indices only take into account the number of species and species proportions of shared species. In this article, we propose a new similarity index which includes the species proportions of both the shared and non shared species in each population, and also propose a Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood Estimator (NPMLE) for this index. Bootstrap and delta methods are used to evaluate the standard errors of the NPMLE. Based on a loss function, we also compare a class of nonparametric estimators for the proposed index in various situations.     

Actual Versus Perceived Generational Differences in the Preferred Working Context: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT

This study extends generational research by delineating actual versus perceived cohort differences through a theoretically grounded model using the Social Identity Approach (SIA). Subjects rated how much they valued 15 workplace characteristics and then provided value ratings for generational cohorts based on their perceptions of said cohorts. This allowed for the determination of actual and perceived cohort differences by characteristics. Results revealed actual cohort value differences across seven characteristics; however, perceived differences exceeded actual ones. Post-hoc, an examination of cohort values by characteristics revealed generational identities and the presence of prototypical distancing between cohort in groups and out groups.     

Ethnic–Racial Socialization in the Family: A Decade's Advance on Precursors and Outcomes

In the current decade, the U.S. population reached historically high levels of ethnic–racial diversity and reelected the nation's first Black–White biracial President. Simultaneously, scholars also documented significant ethnic–racial inequities in education, increased xenophobia, and a racial climate that revealed deep-seated ethnic–racial tensions. Given this backdrop and acknowledging the significant role that families play in youths' abilities to navigate their social contexts, the current review focused on the literature on families' ethnic–racial socialization efforts with youth from the 2010 decade. Our review of 259 empirical articles revealed that there has been an exponential increase in research on family ethnic–racial socialization in this decade. Furthermore, although it is clear that family ethnic–racial socialization is a robust predictor of youths' adjustment, the associations between socialization and adjustment must be considered with attention to specific socialization strategies, the confluence of strategies used, and the unique contexts within which families' lives are embedded.     

Family Processes and Children's and Adolescents' Well-Being

The primary purpose of this review was to examine theory and research published during the past decade that focused on family processes and children's and adolescents' well-being. Scholarship focused on family processes and child and adolescent well-being made significant and exciting advances during this decade based on several key advancements. In addition to a brief introduction and a conclusion, this decade in review is organized into four sections. In the first section, advances made in the literature because of increased attention to complexity and specificity are illustrated. The second section describes advances that were made because of increased attention to family processes in diverse families. Diversity in the samples of families studied, extensions in family process models, and the revisioning of grand theories using a diversity lens that were used to conceptualize family processes are detailed. In the third section, the importance of time in the study of family processes and child and adolescent well-being is described. The emphasis on families' daily lives is noted. In addition, prospective considerations and studies of change over time are highlighted. Strengths in family functioning are detailed in the fourth section of this article: positivity, regulatory processes, and family organization. These three areas were selected to elaborate the idea that one of the major advancements in the family process literature during the past decade was an emphasis on family strengths. This review concludes with a commentary regarding how conceptual and methodological advancements during the past decade can guide future scholarship.     

Towards congruence between teachers’ intentions and practice in intercultural education

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between teacher beliefs pertaining to cultural diversity and their actual teaching activities. Using a model-based approach, this study looks at beliefs regarding diversity issues at both the theoretical and empirical levels. At the theoretical level, we attempt to systematise the many meanings of ‘beliefs’ found in the literature. At the empirical level, we examine the link between theory, beliefs, and teaching activities relating to diversity, using integrated analysis tools. To accomplish this, we used a qualitative methodological approach to examine the relationship between theory and practice in education. The sample consisted of 45 in-service primary teachers. The first results showed a gap between what teachers tend to say and what they actually do. We argue that future research needs to focus on the effects of teacher beliefs on teacher practice, with special attention devoted to the reflective process.