思想政治教育的文化研究述评

近年来,国内思想政治教育研究者从文化的角度切入思想政治教育的理论研究,围绕着文化与思想政治教育的关系、如何认识文化多样性、文化多样性对思想政治教育的影响及其对策等问题进行探讨,取得了许多新成果,开拓了思想政治教育学科理论的新视野。     

Local Rites and Body Politics

The growing awareness of violence against women has resulted in endorsement of various international codes and conventions relating to physical, psychological and sexual violence. Female genital mutilation is one form of violence against women that has polarized people within and across national borders. Here, I explore its popular representation, consider how activism against genital mutilation has been confounded by sex and race and how activism to eradicate the practice is understood by immigrant women in Australia. In doing this, I draw on research conducted with women immigrants to Australia from north Africa (the Sahel areas) and the Middle East, from countries where female genital mutilation is most common. These women are often frustrated by what they see as contradictions in hospital policy and practice that arise in response to their requests to be reinfibulated after childbirth. I tease out the dilemmas that emerge when refusal is contrasted with other permissible practices of the body, such as hymen reconstruction, and given the commodification of bodies and related issues of age and agency, the individual and the community. The perceived discrepancies suggest to these African women that rights discourse is discriminatory, racist and informed by sensational portrayals of traditional practices. I question the ethics, values and rights that inform public discourse about sexual and reproductive rights, when women’s rights and values are so discrepant from our own ideals.     

Lesbian-Headed Stepfamilies

Abstract

This paper examines the lesbian stepfamily. It considers the family structure, parenting roles, gender composition of the couple, the distribution of family labor, and the impact of familial and community support. It discusses some of the challenges facing lesbian-headed stepfamilies, their strengths, capacities and competencies, and the strategies these families use for coping with stigma and intolerance. The paper concludes with implications for policy and practice with lesbian stepfamilies.     

Male Couples and Their Relationship Styles

This article presents a classification system for understanding male couples in terms of how they bond and maintain a relationship. The various roles sex plays in the development and maintenance of a relationship are also examined, as is the important influence of AIDS. In order to be helpful to male couples, social workers need to be familiar with the diversity of relationship patterns in this group.     

Exploring Queer Consciousness Among Social Workers

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of MSW practitioners toward lesbians and gay men using a recently developed instrument. Whereas prior research focused on blatantly homophobic or heterosexist attitudes, this research uses a measurement tool based on the concept of queer consciousness (QC) and measures subtle forms of prejudice, including both positive and negative attitudes along four dimensions: Value gay and lesbian progress/diversity, resist traditional sex and gender roles, positive beliefs about lesbians, and positive beliefs about gay men. Research findings indicate negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in three out of the four dimensions for the sample of social work practitioners. This article concludes with suggestions for social work educators who want to redress areas of subtle prejudice and promote higher levels of QC.     

美国高等教育投入体制对我国高等学校办学经费来源多样化的启示

政府拨款、学费、销售与服务收入、科研经费和专利收入、捐赠以及其它收入等,是美国高等教育经费的主要渠道,为美国高等教育的发展提供了坚实的资金保障。了解美国高等院校经费的筹措体制,探究和借鉴其成功经验与做法,对完善我国高等教育投资体制,广辟高等学校办学经费来源渠道,解决制约我国高等教育发展的资金"瓶颈",具有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

论民族精神的多样性、发展性和全民性

“民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑”,具有多样性、发展性和全民性。要做好弘扬和培育民族精神的工作,让以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的民族精神深入到每个国民的心中,并传布到世界上每一个有华人的地方去。     

论中国古代“见仁见智”的批评差异性

中国古代文学欣赏和批评都注意到差异性问题 ,与西方提出“一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特”一样 ,也提出了“仁者见仁 ,智者见智”的理论命题。这种“见仁见智”表现为批评着眼点不同、方法和技巧不同、对对象选择角度不同、结果不同以及批评的相对性上。差异性形成的原因有对象的不确定性和主体构成的多样性以及文学的自律性和他律性等因素。这是形成文艺创作和批评多样化的重要因素     

Ecological Risk – Benefit Analysis of a Wetland Development Based on Risk Assessment Using "Expected Loss of Biodiversity"

Ecological risk from the development of a wetland is assessed quantitatively by means of a new risk measure, expected loss of biodiversity (ELB). ELB is defined as the weighted sum of the increments in the probabilities of extinction of the species living in the wetland due to its loss. The weighting for a particular species is calculated according to the length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree that will be lost if the species becomes extinct. The length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree is regarded as reflecting the extent of contribution of the species to the taxonomic diversity of the world of living things. The increments in the probabilities of extinction are calculated by a simulation used for making the Red List for vascular plants in Japan. The resulting ELB for the loss of Nakaikemi wetland is 9,200 years. This result is combined with the economic costs for conservation of the wetland to produce a value for the indicator of the "cost per unit of biodiversity saved." Depending on the scenario, the value is 13,000 yen per year-ELB or 110,000 to 420,000 yen per year-ELB (1 US dollar = 110 yen in 1999).     

“合”与“散”的尴尬：——庞德的文学理论观一瞥

美国著名诗人埃兹拉.庞德常常被指责其关于＂合＂与＂散＂,＂统一＂与＂多样＂,＂单元化＂与＂多元化＂的概念混淆不清,这主要体现在他的文学、政治、经济和宗教等方面悖论式的理论阐释及其生活中的所作所为。其实庞德的这种尴尬可以通过其表意图形文字的运用以及理论得以化解,最终得知庞德的＂合/散＂悖论实为一种对立统一的形式。