Generalized Method of Moments and Empirical Likelihood

Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation has become an important unifying framework for inference in econometrics in the last 20 years. It can be thought of as encompassing almost all of the common estimation methods, such as maximum likelihood, ordinary least squares, instrumental variables, and two-stage least squares, and nowadays is an important part of all advanced econometrics textbooks. The GMM approach links nicely to economic theory where orthogonality conditions that can serve as such moment functions often arise from optimizing behavior of agents. Much work has been done on these methods since the seminal article by Hansen, and much remains in progress. This article discusses some of the developments since Hansen's original work. In particular, it focuses on some of the recent work on empirical likelihood–type estimators, which circumvent the need for a first step in which the optimal weight matrix is estimated and have attractive information theoretic interpretations.     

用置换法处理圆度误差的电算方法

本文利用置换法，按最小条件可求得圆度误差。此法有很强的通用性，对于其它形状误差的求解亦有参考价值。     

Sample Size Formulas for Normal Theory T Tests

Formulas that yield minimum sample size for standard T tests are presented. Although the results are approximations, they usually yield the exact solution. Involving only standard normal quantiles, they could be used in an elementary course.     

西北少数民族聚居区产业技术跨越条件论

本文立足于民族地区产业技术现状，逐层分析了民族地区实现产业技术跨越所要依托的技术、经济、制度和文化等诸多条件，并阐述了这些条件之间的内在逻辑关系以及对技术跨越行为的制约机理。     

More but not better jobs in Chile? The fundamental importance of open‐ended contracts

Chilean governments since 1990 have relied on economic growth to generate employment, higher wages and better conditions of employment. But the results of this policy have been mixed: quantitative improvements in employment and wages have not been matched by improvements in job quality. Contrasting Chile's seemingly rigid regulatory framework with its actual labour market flexibility, the authors stress the importance of employment conditions in assessing labour market performance. They empirically explore the effects of individual and job characteristics on employment and income‐generating capabilities, whose most powerful determinant, they find, is employment under an open‐ended contract. They conclude with a discussion of policy implications.     

银行风险和信贷环境的关系:基于经济周期的分析及其现实意义

银行经营状况的风险度和信贷市场环境之间存在怎样的关系?我们通过研究发现:在不同的经济周期中,银行风险度以不对称的方式反映了信贷环境的变化,当信贷市场环境出现恶化时,资本充足率和功能分散化程度较高的银行表现出较低的敏感度。这一结论对我国银行业的改革发展有着重要启示。     

大众化进程中我国高校教学与科研结合的有效条件

在历史的进程中,19世纪德国学者洪堡所提倡的"教学与科研结合"的理念并没有完全地实现.随着高等教育大众化时代的到来,这一理想面临新的挑战.西方发达国家在大众化阶段的举措是有限的结合与适当的分离共存,在我国高等教育大众化进程中,教学与科研的关系却是过度注重科研而轻视教学.现实的选择是实现二者有限的结合,这需要创造有效条件.     

中日韩关系与“东北亚经济合作体”

1999年菲律宾马尼拉东盟—中日韩领导人非正式会议期间 ,韩国总统金大中向中国总理朱基、日本首相小渊惠三提出建立“东北亚经济合作体”的构想。建立“东北亚经济合作体”有基础 ,有条件 ,也有障碍。基础主要有 :90年代以来三国高层领导频频互访 ,增进了友谊 ;日本对历史认识有所进步。条件主要有 :90年代以来三国之间经贸合作进一步加强 ;面向 2 1世纪三国之间结成友好伙伴关系。障碍主要有 :日本尚未彻底洗清军国主义毒汁 ,需要进一步正视那段不光彩的历史 ;日韩存有“中国威胁论”疑虑和行为。解决障碍需要时间 ,因此建立“东北亚经济合作体”尚待时日     

浅析新时期大学生心理疾病状况及对策

本文重点指出了大学生常见心理障碍表现形式 ,认真分析了心理疾病产生的原因 ,并提出了切实可行的防治措施     

A strategic approach to labour inspection

In a report released in 2006, the ILO highlighted the difficulties of labour inspection in its member States and advocated a number of measures to strengthen its effectiveness. The author argues that inspectorates must go beyond calls for more inspectors by adopting a clear strategic framework for reacting to incoming complaints and targeting programmed investigations in order to maximize effectiveness in the use of their overstretched resources. To do so, he proposes, their work must be guided by the principles of prioritization, deterrence, sustainability and achieving systemic effects. The article concludes with an outline of the requirements of a coherent regulatory strategy.